2013 to 2017 †China Market Soft Drink Manufacturing Research Report Essay Essay Example

2013 to 2017 – China Market Soft Drink Manufacturing Research Report Essay Essay Example 2013 to 2017 – China Market Soft Drink Manufacturing Research Report Essay Paper 2013 to 2017 – China Market Soft Drink Manufacturing Research Report Essay Paper In China. soft drinks refer to those natural or unreal drinks with the intoxicant content less than 0. 5 % in the entire volume. Small sum of intoxicant may be contained in a soft drink. but such intoxicant is the ethyl intoxicant which is used in fade outing kernels. flavorers and pigments. or the byproducts of lactic acid drinks. With the rapid addition in Chinese people’s populating standard and ingestion capableness. soft drink industry has entered the rapid growing epoch. Since soft drink merchandises enjoy great popularity in China. the market demand is immense. Presently. there are assorted types of soft drinks sold in the market with many strong rivals. In 2012. the entire end product volume of China soft drinks is 130. 2401 million dozenss. increasing by 10. 73 % YOY. From 2000 to 2012. the end product volume of China soft drink industry increased by 7 times. with a CAGR of 20. 7 % . which is far higher than the growing rate of GDP. showing a well development competency. When the end product volume additions. the assortments of China soft drinks besides increase to supply more options for consumers. Among all assortments of soft drinks. carbonated drinks take up the largest proportion of China soft drink industry. while the proportion of natural mineral H2O in soft drink industry increases continuously. At present. carbonated drinks. bottled drinking H2O. fruit and vegetable drinks and tea drinks have become the four major classs of soft drinks in China. In 2012. the end product volume of carbonated drinks was 13. 1129 million dozenss. decreasing by 18. 38 % YOY. The end product volume of fruit juices and vegetable juices was 22. 2917 million dozenss. increasing by 16. 09 % . The end product volume of bottled imbibing H2O amounted to 55. 6278 million dozenss. up by 16. 16 % YOY. And the end product volume of other drinks reached 39. 2077 million dozenss. increasing by 13. 76 % YOY. China soft drink market can be divided into several major market sections. including carbonated drinks. fruit and vegetable drinks. bottled drinking H2O. tea drinks. protein drinks and other drinks. For a long period. bottled imbibing H2O and carbonated drinks have accounted for the largest proportion of the market. followed by protein drinks and fruit and vegetable drinks. Tea drinks have besides increased their market portion and created a immense ingestion market. However. with the development of societal economic system. the betterment of people’s populating criterion and the preparation of healthy ingestion construct. the competition construction of soft drink market will meet a great alteration. Influenced by the emerging healthy ingestion construct. it can be predicted that the proportion of carbonated drinks in the market will worsen. while healthy drinks. such as tea drinks. protein drinks and fruit and vegetable juices. will go the mainstream of the market in the close hereafter. However. consumers of carbonated drinks are chiefly between 16 and 25 old ages old. chiefly adolescents. They worship manner alternatively of nutrition. Since such immature consumer group is improbable to decrease. there is a immense market demand for carbonated drinks. Therefore. it will take a long-run procedure to take down the carbonated drink market. In recent old ages. functional drinks have become the high spot in China soft drink market. It indicates that China functional drink market has been established after a period of market development. At present. China functional drinks chiefly include sport drinks ( with Mizone and Gatorade as representatives ) . energy drinks ( with Red Bull and Lipovitan as representatives ) . and vegetable protein drinks ( with Jiaduobao and Wong Lo Kat as representatives ) . There is a immense market potency for China functional drinks. As a sun-rising industry in China. soft drink industry enjoys ingestion per capita much lower than that of developed states. Rural occupants spend much less on soft drinks. Based on the immense domestic market. there is an tremendous development infinite for China soft drink industry. With high grade of marketization. China soft drink industry has attracted many international drink barons to set up their concerns in China. which will ensue in ferocious market competition. Besides. confronted with the new state of affairs. the competition of China soft drink industry has been transferred from merchandise competition to industry concatenation competition. In this sense. the selling theoretical account of soft drink endeavors has besides been transferred from trade name operation into channel theoretical account and construction and channel direction. Channel resources. particularly terminal resources have become the focal point of competition. It is estimated by CRI that the end product volume of China soft drinks will keep a growing rate of over 8 % . which will be higher than that of GDP. Through this study. the readers can get the undermentioned information: ? ? Supply and Demand Status of China Soft Drink Industry? ? Operation Status of Sub-industries of China Soft Drink Industry? ? Competition Status of China Soft Drink Industry? ? Major Soft Drink Manufacturing Enterprises in China? ? Influencing Factors and Development Trend of Soft Drink Industry? ? Investing and Development Recommendations for Soft Drink Industry The Following Enterprises and Peoples are proposed to buy this study: ? ? Soft Drink Manufacturing Enterprises? ? Upstream Soft Drink Enterprises. Such as Essence Manufacturing Enterprises. Pigment Manufacturing Enterprises. and Enterprises in Charge of Packing? ? Soft Drink Distributing Enterprises? ? Investors and Research Institutes Concerned About Soft Drink Industry Complete Report @ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. chinamarketresearchreports. com/102526. html Buy Report @ hypertext transfer protocols: //www. chinamarketresearchreports. com/contacts/purchase. php? name=102526 Table Of Content 1 Overview on China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry. 2012 1. 1 Definition and Category 1. 1. 1 Definition 1. 1. 2 Industry Chain of Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry 1. 2 Major Merchandises 1. 3 Role of Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry in China Economy 2 Development Environment of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry. 2012-2013 2. 1 Economic Environment 2. 1. 1 China Economy 2. 1. 2 Global Economy 2. 2 Policy Environment 2. 1. 1 Analysis on Policies 2. 1. 2 Policy Trend 3 Operation Status of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry. 2008-2012 3. 1 Current Status 3. 1. 1 Entire Output Value 3. 1. 2 Output Volume 3. 1. 3 Fixed Asset Investment 3. 1. 4 Industry Scale 3. 1. 5 Operation Status 3. 1. 6 Financial Index 3. 2 Regional Distribution 3. 2. 1 Scale Distribution 3. 2. 2 Net income Distribution 3. 2. 3 Guangdong 3. 2. 4 Henan 3. 2. 5 Jiangsu 3. 2. 6 Zhejiang 3. 2. 7 Shandong 4 Competition Status of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry. 2012 4. 1 Barriers to Entry and Exit 4. 2 Competition Structure 4. 2. 1 Bargain Ability of Upstream Suppliers 4. 2. 2 Competition Among Existing Enterprises 4. 2. 3 Bargain Ability of Downstream Clients 4. 2. 4 Threats of New Entrants 4. 2. 5 Threats of Substitutes 4. 3 Development Features 4. 3. 1 Amalgamations and Acquisitions by Foreign Capital 4. 3. 2 Preference for Brand Consumption 4. 3. 3 Product Competition Transferring to Industrial Chain Competition 4. 3. 4 Rich Product Varieties 4. 5 Operation Models 4. 5. 1 Business Model 4. 5. 2 Net income Mode 5 Industry Chain of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry. 2012-2013 5. 1 Upstream Industries 5. 1. 1 Fruit Industry 5. 1. 2 Vegetable Industry 5. 1. 3 Sugar Industry 5. 1. 4 Package Industry 5. 1. 5 Influences of Upstream Industries on Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry 5. 2 Downstream 5. 2. 1 Resident Incomes 5. 2. 2 Resident Consumption Expenditures 5. 2. 3 Influences of Downstream Industries on Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry 6 Sub-industries of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry. 2008-2017 6. 1 Carbonated Beverage Industry 6. 1. 1 Operation Status 6. 1. 2 Regional Distribution 6. 1. 3 Development Trend 6. 2 Bottled Drinking Water Industry 6. 2. 1 Operation Status 6. 2. 2 Regional Distribution 6. 2. 3 Development Trend 6. 3 Fruit A ; Vegetable Juice Industry and Fruit A ; Vegetable Drink Industry 6. 3. 1 Industry Overview 6. 3. 2 Regional Distribution 6. 3. 3 Development Trend 6. 4 Milk Beverage Industry and Vegetable Protein Drink Industry 6. 5 Solid Drink Industry 6. 6 Tea Drink Industry and Other Soft Drink Industry 7 Major Soft Drink Manufacturing Enterprises in China. 2012 7. 1 Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. . Ltd. 7. 2 Master Kong Drink Holdings Co. . Ltd. 7. 3 VV Group Co. . Ltd. 7. 4 Uni-president ( China ) Investment Co. . Ltd. 7. 5 Coca-Cola Bottle Manufacturing ( Dongguan ) Co. . Ltd. 7. 6 Xiamen Yinlu Foods Co. . Ltd. 7. 7 Red Bull Vitamin Drink Co. . Ltd. 7. 8 Jiangxi Runtian Beverage Co. . Ltd. 7. 9 Nongfu Spring Co. . Ltd. 7. 10 Beijing Huiyuan Food and Beverage Group Co. . Ltd. 7. 11 Coconut Palm Group Co. . Ltd. 7. 12 Jiaduobao Group 8 Prognosiss on Investment and Development of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry. 2013-2017 8. 1 Influencing Factors on Development 8. 1. 1 China economic system 8. 1. 2 Governmental Policy 8. 2 Forecast on Market Supply and Demand 8. 2. 1 Forecast on Supply 8. 2. 2 Forecast on Demand 8. 3 Prognosis on Product Development Trend 8. 3. 1 Market Trend of Healthy Drinks 8. 3. 2 Compound Drinks 8. 3. 3 Functional Drinks 8. 4 Recommendations on Investment and Development 8. 4. 1 Investing Opportunities in Sub-industries 8. 4. 2 Regional Investment Opportunities List Of Charts Chart Category of Sub-industries of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry Chart Analysis on Major Products of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry Chart Related Policies of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry. 2012 Chart Total Output Value of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry. 2008-2012 Chart Total Output Volume of China Soft Drinks. 2008-2012. Chart Number of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Enterprises. 2008-2012 Chart Total Assets of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry. 2008-2012 Chart Scale of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry by Region Chart Analysis on Profits of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry by Region Chart Total Output Value of China Carbonated Beverage Industry. 2008-2012 Chart Output Volume of China Carbonated Beverages. 2008-2012 Chart Gross saless Revenue of China Tea Drinks and Other Soft Drink Manufacturing Industries. 2008-2012 Chart Forecast on China Soft Drink Output Volume. 2013-2017 Chart Forecast on China Soft Drink Gross saless Revenue. 2013-2017. Complete Report @ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. chinamarketresearchreports. com/102526. html Buy Report @ hypertext transfer protocols: //www. chinamarketresearchreports. com/contacts/purchase. php? name=102526.

Anne Frank Biography and the Short Story Line Essays

Anne Frank Biography and the Short Story Line Essays Anne Frank Biography and the Short Story Line Paper Anne Frank Biography and the Short Story Line Paper Annelies Marie Frank (the full name of Anne Frank) was born on June 12, 1929 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Her parents were Otto and Edith Frank. Anne was the second daughter; her sister Margot was three years older. Anne’s father worked at his family’s bank. Her mothers job was to take care of everything at home. Margot and Anne were carefree girls and they had many friends in their neighborhood. However, their parents were worried. Adolf Hitler and his party had made the Jews the scapegoat for all of Germanys social and economic problems. The anti-Semitism in the country was growing. At the beginning of 1933, the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP or Nazi party) came to power in Germany. Adolf Hitler, the leader of this party, becom Chancellor. He was responsible for the new government. Before very long, there was discrimination against Jews. Germany changed from a democracy into a dictatorship. Anne’s parents no longer felt safe. Otto Frank’s bank was also in financial trouble because of the worldwide economic crisis. Otto and Edith Frank decided to leave Germany. The Frank family went to the Netherlands in the summer of 1933. Anne’s father had the opportunity to set up a company in Amsterdam that sold Opekta (an ingredient used for making jam). During that period, Anne and Margot stayed with their Grandmother who lived in Aachen, Germany. Their mother commuted to and from Amsterdam trying to find the family a place to live. In their now home in Amsterdam, the Frank Family felt free and safe, until the German Army invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940. The Occupation of the Netherlands began on May 15, 1940. The discrimination against the Jews began then as well: Jews couldnt own their own businesses, Jewish children had to go to Jewish schools, all Jews had to wear a yellow star, and countless other restrictions. There were even rumors that the Jews would be packed off to Germany. The rumors that Jews would have to go to Germany, just like thousands of other Jews living in Europe, were true, The Nazis planned to send all the Jews to work camps in Germany. In 14. 06. 1942, Annes 13 birthday, she received a lot of gifts, one of them was a diary from her parents, she on him the letters to her imagination friend- Kitty. Three month after Anne’s birth- day Margot receives a call-up to Westerbork camp, with the threat that the entire family will be arrested if Margot does not report. The Frank family was frightened from that letter and they decided to do something. So in 9. 7. 1942 Anne and her family (Otto, Edith, and Margot) went to a hiding place in Ottos work building. In the building’s Annexe Otto and some of him friends at work (Miep Gies, Elisabeth (Bep) Voskuijl, Johannes Kleimwn, and Victor Kugler) created a place for two families to stay for a while until the end of the war. After a week the van Daan Family (Hermenn, Petronella, and Peter) joined them at the Annexe. The Annexe was split, the Franks in the first floor- Otto, Edith, and Margot in one room and Anne in the second and the van Daans in the second floor Hermenn and Petronella in one room (that also was the dining room and the kitchen), and Peter was in the second room (that also was the way to go up- stairs to the attic). After a while the Nazis started to look for hiding Jews all over Amsterdam, so one of the helpers build a bookcase (that can move) to hide the doorway to the Annexe. The time passed and the seven hiding people decided that they have enough room and food to hide another person, so they asked Miep (another one of their helpers) to fined some one she knows and need a place to hide in. Miep did find a man (44 years old) named Albert Dussel. Albert joined the Annexe in 10. 11. 42 to share Annes room. Wail the eight of them were in the Annexe, downstairs people were working; only the helpers know that there were people in hiding upstairs, so the hiding people had to not move and not toke (if it is necessary, to whisper) all of the work hours. Their helpers brought the hiding people food. At the beginning they had enough food for three meals. But as the time passed they had problems getting food for all eight people. At the last six- five month they had only one glass of porridge for breakfast, a bit of lettuce and brown beans (even rotten) for lunch, and for dinner the same. In 25 on May 1944 Anne wrote to her dairy: Mother says well skip breakfast, eat porridge and bread for lunch and fried potatoes for dinner and, if possible, vegetables or lettuce once or twice a week. Thats all there is

Introduction to Organisations and Management Essay - 1

Introduction to Organisations and Management - Essay Example This case study is basically analyzing the behavioral approaches of the two different organizations and they are the Watsons Engine Components and H & M Consulting . This case will mainly focus on the competitive analysis of the organizational behavior between these two corporate entities. The organizational culture, behavior, leadership and motivational approaches and the interactive communicational processes will be given importance to prove the competitive analysis between these two organizations. Introduction: Organizational behavior is one of the most important factors in the organizational setting. The behavioral approach of the management towards the employees is the most important aspect of the human resource department. It is basically a practice of proper or suitable human behavior within the organizational setting (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). The human behavior within the organization depends on many important factors and they are the organizational structure, motivationa l factors, job satisfaction, leadership qualities of the managers, communication processes and many more. In this case two companies; Watsons and H&M consulting follow different paths for the improvement of their organizational cultures. However, the Watsons follow the traditional approaches with the old fashioned organizational management techniques. ... It is basically into manufacturing parts for the cars. And this company requires people who are ready to accept changes. However, the present picture is different. It is a company which is managed by few top level managers. The managing director Gordon Watson is an aged man who rules the company. However, he is going to get retired very soon. The structure of the organization is very traditional and strictly hierarchical in nature. And the formation of the union is an astonishing act in a company of overall headcount of only 200. The centralized decision making process makes many of the lower managers unhappy regarding their recognition and power of controlling the teams. And many of the top level managers are also not happy with their jobs due to the dictating top level managers within the organizations. The organization is having 20 managers for only less than 200 working employees. This structure depicts the decentralization organizational structure where managers can take their o wn decisions. However, the real scenario is different and it is strictly hierarchical centralized organization. H&M Consulting: H&M consulting is a global consulting company which is into global management, development and engineering consulting. It is a very modern organization which has started its journey in 1989 with the great merger within two consulting groups. This organization has great visions towards the future and they follow their mission statement very intently. They are in a constant growth mode. It is practically more than 50 times larger than the Watsons; the H&M is having more than 13000 global employees. They follow the international business module as they are concentrating on the global format of the business. Acquisition and take-over are the technical tools for

Discus and Biomechanics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Discus and Biomechanics - Essay Example The knees should be moved forward but with flexion in order to provide support for the hands with the discus. The ankles should also be a bit up and with flexion in order to put the hips in position and to provide support to the knees. The hops are help in the front position with no rotation so as to provide the base for the discuss weight on hands. The hands are also placed in a relaxed position on the sides in order not to destabilize the stability. The center of gravity is maintained at the center, in discus throw, one should try to maintain the center of gravity as low as possible in order to provide them with stability as they try to increase the momentum required just before the throw. The left hand that has no discus should always be maintained in the same position with the right hand that holds the discus so that there can be adequate weight distribution across the body. Being with the neck at no rotation helps to keep one’s gaze in front where the discus is to be thro wn. Base Support: standing with the left foot in front of the right foot, the right arm with the discus is put to swing in a forward motion while the left arm remains in a backward swing. The waist in a leftward rotation 33 degree and legs are also spread. Description of Movements: the discus thrower has his right arm with the discus in front while keeping his stance stable. His legs apart with the left leg in front of the right leg and his eyes fixed on the throwing direction as he begins to rotate. This is the second phase where getting a good stance is important. Proper Techniques and Flaws in this Performance: the right arm in front with the left leg, is to spread the body weight so as to increase stability of the discus thrower. The shoulders are allowed to rotate at certain degrees as they should allow the load in the hand to move freely, and by the time the right

Kiss of the Spider Woman by Manuel Puig Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kiss of the Spider Woman by Manuel Puig - Essay Example As a diversion from physical pain, the seduction from Molina's German movie provided them with considerable comfort, although it was implied that Molina's line "what about my movie It might help you forget the pain." regarded the entirety of the German movie and not merely its element of seduction. (Puig, 53) The seduction worked in the guise of a German movie being retold by Molina who happened to be a romantic escapist. It was clear in the play that Molina worked the exaggerated details of the heroine to fit his fantasies being that he identified with her thus he projected unto her the endowments that he wanted for himself. purpose of heightening the emotion of the film, it began to make sense, as the element of seduction did in a way overpower the propaganda being presented in the film because through the narration of Molina, the political issues on the Nazi and the Resistance dimmed in contrast to the love story and its morality about love and sacrifice. However, it was through Molina's fantastic escapism that Puig employed most his power of seduction as it was implied that escapism appears to be a more pain-free resort compared to political activism which stakes more sacrificed for so little change. As it can be seen how the events turned out, the characters met their ends when they pursued the path of political involvement as a way out of their prison cell.

The most important talent of a manager

The most important talent of a manager In 2008, a survey by Robery Half International found that 53 % of managers questioned considered leadership and motivational skills the most important talent a manager should have [1]. This figure truly shows the importance of leadership in the approach to management. According to Mary Parker Follett, management is the art of getting things done through people. In this report, I will first analyse this statement before demonstrating to what extend I agree with it. In fact, managing is truly living the experience of the human being through interpersonal relationships that include understanding the employees and developing their competences. In a second part, I will describe the skills needed for managers regarding to Folletts definition, emphasizing on the importance of leadership. Finally, I will list some of the limitations that can represent barriers to management. They include the informal organization, the change of the economy and the development of high technologies. Management is the art of getting things done through people. Once, Warren Bennis(1995) [2] wrote: Just about everything written today about leadership and organization comes from Mary Parker Folletts writings and lectures. According to her, management is the art of getting things doing through people. This definition has become one of the most continuously popular, being considered like the most significant way to describe the term, which finds itself a number of distinctive meanings. First, it is interesting to know why management can be defined as an art. From the encyclopedia of Management, it is the knowledge that there is no specific way to teach or understand management, and that it is skill borne of personality and ability [3]. It is saying that certain people might be more predisposed to be effective managers than are others, and that some people cannot be taught to be effective managers. Then, if I now focus on the second part of the statement, the function of the manager itself is the best manner to illustrate what getting things done through people means. Management is primarily about overseeing people: the manager sets goals for others to achieve, directing work rather than performing it. This is highlighted by the studies of what managers do. Rosemary Stewarts studies (1976) [4] have shown that most managers spend three-quarters or more of their time talking with and listening to other people. One reason for the large majority of their time in conversations is highlighted by Kotters studies (1982) which show that managers are dependent upon a network of useful contacts that include hundreds or thousands of people within and outside the company [5]. As a result of this, it is important to deeply consider the dependence of managers towards their subordinates and all the other people that work around them. Management is linked to human factor and cannot achieve any of its aims without human beings knowledge and skills which can be considered as the material of work. Moreover, Lawrence Appley (1956) [6] starts his book titled by Folletts definition: Working with, for, and through people is the way in which a manager accomplishes his job which emphasizes the main role of the manager. Providing human satisfactions from work output and relationships is a managers obligation. From his point of view, there is a vital spot in management which is the point of contact between the worker and the boss when the conditions of confidence and respect exist between the two. Overall, it is possible to make a distinction in the managers functions between deciding what to do and getting it done. Then the first task implies decision making and setting goals, and the second consists of motivation, communication, and the development of people. I truly believe that this second task is all about the art of getting things done through people because we all know that giving orders to subordinates who content themselves with applying them without the slightest protest is not real management. The manager has to handle the difficulty of working with human beings personalities, reactions and own choices, which is an art, a talent. My own personal experience of management during the French Open made me realized how hard it was to achieve the daily financial objectives, result of the efforts I had to make in motivating my sales teams to show their enthusiasm and to do some animations for the customers. The hardest times where rainy and cold daysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In fact, since the essential part of the managers job is getting things done through people, it is vital for him to understand peoples motivation. The problems of securing willing cooperation sets a challenge to management: a challenge to provide the conditions in which people will want to work and therefore, to cooperate. This reaches to an understanding with the fact that management attains its objectives by increasing knowledge, changing the habits, and influencing the attitudes of people towards a common goal, the goal of the organization. Effective management requires a different set of skills from leadership As we now know that managers are dependent upon achieving results through other people, it is possible to analyze what management skills they must develop in order to be effective. A skill is defined as being the ability either to perform some specific behavioral task or the ability to perform some specific cognitive process that is functionally related to some particular task [7]. First, if I refer to Katzs studies (1955) [8], we understand that managerial skills are developed by managers by providing them with a set of managerial knowledge bases and methods for accessing this information. Then, based on these assumptions, Katz proposed a three-category typology of skills: technical, human, and conceptual [9]. The technical skills are concerned with the understanding of specific activities that require the use of specialized tools, methods, processes, procedures, techniques, or knowledge. Human skills are defined as the ability to work cooperatively with others, to communicate effectively and to resolve conflicts. And finally, for Katz, the cognitive skills represent the ability to see the organization as a whole and to have a vision, a systemic viewpoint. So, like any other profession, that management requires the exercise of specific and various skills. But there are other studies showing that unlike any other profession, management expects its members to be proficient in the use of its skills without training or practice. In reality, the basic skill of management is personal power and the impact of individual leadership upon the thoughts and actions of other individuals [10]. This skill expresses itself through the ability to write and speak to individuals and groups, to conduct and lead meetingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Considering these two points of view, I think it is fair to say that either managers have inborn management skills or develop them through their experience and practice, they must have competences peculiar to be able to face difficult situations and achieve his goals. Leader or manager skills are not exclusive in nature [7]. Indeed, if a leader only displays leadership skills he might not be efficient in the usual tasks asked by employers to their managers: simply completing paperwork and reading reports for example. Reciprocally, a manager can have difficulties with his staff because he lacks in developing a relationship, something that require leadership skills. A manager that combines both skills is the most effective. Overall, the main important attributes needed to get things done through people are: first, communication and second, motivation and development of people. Communication is the means whereby management gets its job done. It is so true that without it, an executive is as ineffectual as a violinist without his instrument. It is a skill of management, it is, however essential to every other management skill. The process of communication involves making his ideas and feelings known by another. This requires the ability to get other people to understand us, but also to help others make themselves understood by us. The process of communication requires time and experience of many different situations with various human characters. Then, communication is successful when it is understood in the fullest meaning, both in verbal sense and in intention. Then, if managing is getting things done through people, a manager who thinks about what can be done only in terms of what he can do cannot be effective. Managers must learn to accept their dependence upon other people and manage it thanks to their ability to cooperate with their peers. They have to obtain commitment which means providing the conditions in which people will want to work. In doing this, they need to be skilful in influencing people to do what they want. Stewart (1991) [11] indicates that managers must make assumptions about how people will behave, and hence, how to influence them. Here is where motivation becomes a significant tool. In fact, it is one aspect of maximizing work performance and represents a prime task for managers. Motivation of people implies many ways of action, including the development of people which is achieved by careful, planned and motivational delegation of responsibility and duty. It implies trust and a close relationship between the manager and his staff as Drucker (2005) says Organizations are no longer built on force. They are built on trust [13]. Rather than relying on powers, the manager uses the powers within people. What are the limitations of getting things done through people? As the managers success hinges on influencing people toward the goal of the organization, this is where we can find his main limitations. The most important one seems to be the informal organization, based on who knows what, who gets things done, who has influence and power, who must agree before an idea can be effectively implemented [15]. The problem here is that the informal organization cant be managed at all because  it is a self-organizing process. Even when managers are carrying out their formal roles, they are unavoidably participating in this process. They are not objective observers and controllers of other peoples actions. The leadership challenge, therefore, is not to try to manage the informal. Instead, it is to engage purposefully in the dynamic network of conversations and interactions through which outcomes emerge. The globalization of the economy has some strong influences on the organizations. The two main consequences of this are limitations for the managers. First, there are the linguistic and cultural problems, concerned by the employees being more and more transnational which implies difficulties on communication. Also the cooperation involves making more efforts of comprehension and mutual respect, which seems difficult to do spontaneously. And second, the worldwide explosion of the working teams, which is why some managers become  «Ã‚  telemanagers  Ã‚ ». In fact, technological solutions (emails, phone, videoconferenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) allow monitoring the work through the distance, it sees the relationship transformed. In a more sociological point of view, it is possible to see that nowadays, the authority is living a crisis. Executives are not considered as chiefs anymore but as coordinators as well as members of the teams are not called subordinates anymore but colleagues. These working teams are not shaking or impressed anymore facing the upper hierarchy: the chief is desecrated. The legitimacy of the manager is damaged by the individualism and the autonomy of the staff which tends to make the managerial relationships more complex as the use of authority is less possible. Then management practice conditions are modified by the evolutions of the environment and managers cannot content themselves to manage via objectives. Thats why we can see the rising important of the value and the competence based management. CONCLUSION The art of getting things done through people is linked to the need to influence people toward the goal of the organisation and this requires definitely leadership skills. However a manager-leader cannot be perfect as there are limitations in getting things done through people: the informal organization and the economical and social evolutions.

From Institutions to Inclusions Essay -- Special Education, Section 50

From Institutions to Inclusions During my Research on Special Education and how far it has come I found that Prior to the Eighteenth Century Children with Disabilities were often outcast from society, in fact they were often institutionalized in asylums away from the society. According to an article from about.com, the action of physically, mentally, and physiologically mistreating a student with a disability became illegal when Congress enacted what was then the "Education for All Handicapped Children Act" (Public Law 94-142) on Nov. 29, 1975. The law intended to support states and localities in protecting the rights of, meeting the individual needs of, and improving the results for infants, toddlers, children, and youths with disabilities and their families. According the NASET (NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS) the term "inclusion or responsible inclusion" is a term used to identify the action of providing services to students with disabilities in the educational setting. Inclusion is commonly considered the least restrictive route and environment for students with disabilities (HICKS-MONROE) According to the text titled "100 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT SPECIAL EDUCATION PROCESS". It states under Federal Law Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) protects students and their parent/guardian. The definition of Special Education means, "Specially designed instruction, at no cost to parents/ guardians, to meet the unique needs of a student with a disability" (PIERANGELO/GIULIANI) To ensure each student with a disability is treated fairly the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was enacted. According to IDEA there are four specific purposes of this act. One It ensures a ... ...akes to get them where they deserve to be, and that is with the rest of the class. I know firsthand what it feels like to need help for your child that has a special need and how much it hurts and frustrates a parent when hurdles are placed in front of you. My child has needed a 504 Plan since Kindergarten and during her first year, we had no other choice, but to get an attorney because the school she attended refused to accommodate her needs. It was necessary for us to fight for her rights so she could attend school with her peers. When it comes to incorporating what I have learned about Special Education. I would try to teach my students by setting goals and objectives for each child early on. Try to teach as many concepts as possible to the group as a whole, and then teach the specific concepts to the smaller group or individuals that require the extra help.

Company Analysis: Wal-Mart Essay

Wal-mart Stores Inc is a United States based company started in 1962 in Arkansas. The company has grown exponentially to open branches in many parts of the world. It operates in three formats: United States based segment, abroad/international segment, and Sam’s Club. Through the three segments, the company owns and runs stores (retail and discount), chains of supermarkets and supercentres, and websites affiliated with the company. In those stores and supermarkets, one can buy foodstuffs, beverages, dairy products, and meat, among many other foodstuffs, electronics, accessories, cloth ware, and many other things. More than retail, the company offers financial services through banks and electronic payments. The company’s retail units are estimated to be around 10,800 all spread in about 27 countries all over the world. Wal-mart Stores Inc. has been listed in top 10 of the world’s 500 biggest companies by Forbes (Fishman 16). An analysis of the company reveals that it is growing remarkably well in spite of the turbulent economic times being experienced in America and many parts of Europe. Corporate and business strategy formulated by the company have enabled it transcend many challenges that have littered its path of progress. This paper will identify the company’s current mission and review its strategies and objectives. The financial status of the company will be analyzed by using financial rations, income data, and balanced sheet data. Additionally, internal strengths and weaknesses will be analyzed using SWOT model. External opportunities and threats will be analyzed using PESTEL and Porter’s five forces model analysis. Based on those analyses, the mission and strategies of the company will be revised. Corporate and business strategies that will enable the company achieve its mission and objectives will be developed and discussed, and appropriate recommendations made. Actions needed to implement the strategies that will be formulated will be outlined. Appropriate long term objectives in areas of marketing, human resources, finance, operations, and information systems will be developed. The results expected will be specified including pro forma financial statements. Lastly, procedural recommendations will be made for strategy review and evaluation. Specific measures to be utilized will be documented. Mission, Objectives, and Strategies Wall-mart growth in recent years has seen it overtake other companies to become the biggest retailer in the world. With a customer base exceeding 200 million customers annually and over 2. 5 million employees, the company’s sales are expected to surpass the $2 billion achieved in 2012 (Roberts, Bryan, & Natalie 14). Low prices and provision of high quality customer care service continue to be the drivers of the company’s growth. The strategies have revolved around attracting and retaining customers by low pricing and great customer care services. The low pricing is achieved by constant pressure on suppliers to lower their prices and redesign all services and products. The company’s mission is summarized in one sentence, â€Å"Save people money so they could live better† (Roberts, Bryan, & Natalie 34). Their objective is thus to lower the prices of their commodities so that customers are happy and satisfied. The low price strategy is premised on the knowledge that large volumes dispensed at a low price will compensate for the lowered price. By putting customers first, the company has survived tough economic times. Through its management strategy, transitions have been achieved efficiently. In recent years, the company has formulated a public affairs strategy that is meant to help it penetrate new markets, in the United States and Internationally. Political climate inevitably determines the success of a company. For that reason, Wall-mart has commissioned a political action committee that is tasked with the responsibility of networking with politicians that will help the company realize its goals in various places around the world. The company has short and long term objectives geared towards maintaining growth. The objectives are aligned to the strategy of low price and customer satisfaction. In the short term, Wall-mart intends to achieve a 95% level of customer satisfaction. In the long term, the company plans to stock all kind of merchandise for diverse customers retailing at low prices. In 2012, Wall-mart launched five central strategies for growth (Roberts, Bryan, & Natalie 24). The first strategy, developing our people, recognizes the supremacy of customers and empowered employees in any business venture. It aims to develop existing talent within the company by use of development programmes. The company also seeks to recruit new talents that are exceptional so as to remain competitive. Towards this strategy, the company plans to partner with Walton Institute and enhance its leadership series so as to produce the next generation of leaders for the company. There are plans to improve diversity and inclusivity in the hiring process. The company has thus committed to champion affirmative action by hiring women and other marginalized groups and investing in their career development. The second strategy is driving the productivity loop. The company aims to lower operation cost so that prices can be reduced further. The third strategy, labeled Wining in Global ecommerce seeks to harness the power of information technology in driving growth. The launch of @WalmartLabs is the precursor to this strategy and there are plans to replicate it in other countries such as Britain and Canada. With a growing online population, the company plans to expand its presence in social media so as to reach as many people as possible. The fourth strategy involves reinvigoration of the customer-centered culture. The growth of the company has been driven by the company and as indicated earlier, there is a strategy to hit a 95% customer satisfaction. The last strategy is directed towards retention of legitimacy and maintaining a good relationship with the society and community around the company’s premises and beyond. Dubbed Leading on social and environment issues, the strategy will drive Wall-marts corporate social responsibility activities. Through philanthropy, educational support, and women empowerment, the company intends to promote and maintain its corporate integrity.

Merchant Of Venice-Portia Essays - Shakespearean Comedies

Merchant Of Venice-Portia Essays - Shakespearean Comedies Merchant Of Venice-Portia When William Shakespeare wrote, The Merchant of Venice, he included a female character that influences the play dramatically. In most of Shakespeare's plays, the women have little power and intelligence. In The Merchant of Venice, however, Portia is a woman that saves the life of a man with her wit and intelligence. Another woman created by Shakespeare that posses qualities similar to Portia is Beatrice, from Much Ado about Nothing. Both women add to the main themes of the play because of their ability to use their intelligence and witty remarks as well as having a loving heart. The women share many similarities as well as many differences which seem to be inevitable because Portia seems to be put on a pedestal that very few can reach. Portia is one of Shakespeare's great heroines, whose beauty, lively intelligence, quick wit, and high moral seriousness have blossomed in a society of wealth and freedom. She is known throughout the world for her beauty and virtue, and she is able to handle any situation with her sharp wit. In many of Shakespeare's plays, he creates female characters that are presented to be clearly inferior to men. The one female, Shakespearean character that is most like Portia would be Beatrice, from Much Ado about Nothing. Both of the women are known for their wit and intelligence. Beatrice is able to defend her views in any situation, as does Portia. Shakespeare gives each of them a sense of power by giving their minds the ability to change words around, use multiple meanings and answer wisely to the men surrounding them. By adding a loving heart to both of these women, Shakespeare makes their intelligence more appealing. Even though Beatrice hides the loving side of her character for most of th e play, she still expresses her kindness and love in other ways. Like Portia, she is a dear friend and an obedient daughter. In the fourth act, after Portia has saved the life of Antonio, she uses her wit, just as Beatrice does to test Benedict's love, to convince Bassanio to surrender the ring that he vowed he would never part with. After simply asking for it and being unsuccessful, she decides to use her intelligence and says, I see sir, you are liberal in offers. / You taught me first to beg, and now methinks / You teach me how a beggar should be answer'd (IV.ii.438-440). The only main difference between the two women is the way they are perceived by the other characters. Portia is thought of as a perfect angel possessing no flaws, which is shown when Bassanio describes her to Antonio and says, In Belmont is a lady richly left, / And she is fair and, fairer than that word, / Of wondrous virtues Nor is the wide world ignorant of her worth, / For the four winds blow in from every c oast / Renowned suitors, and her sunny locks / Hang on her temples like a golden fleece, / Which makes her seat of Belmont Colchis' strond, / And many Jasons come in quest of her (I.i.161-172). Portia displays all the graces of the perfect Renaissance lady. She is not ambitious, she is quiet rather than restrictive. She is modest in her self-estimation. Her generous spirit makes her wish she had more virtue, wealth, and friends so that she can better help those she loves. Beatrice, on the other hand, is not described as beautiful and even though she is well liked in her society, she is not thought of in the same godly way as Portia is. Besides saving the life of Antonio, Portia is also used to convey the theme of deceptive appearances. Throughout the play, Shakespeare uses his characters to show the audience that a person cannot be judged by how they appear to the eye and that a person can truly be identified by their inner soul. Bassanio chooses the lead casket and proves that even though the other caskets appeared to be beautiful and trustworthy, the treasure was found in the casket of lead. Shakespeare foreshadows the theme of appearances when Portia says to her new husband, You see me, Lord Bassanio, where I

The theories I have learned at university and tried to put into practice whilst on my 2nd year placement The WritePass Journal

The theories I have learned at university and tried to put into practice whilst on my 2nd year placement Introduction The theories I have learned at university and tried to put into practice whilst on my 2nd year placement Introduction This assignment will discuss some of the theories I have learned at university and tried to put into practice whilst on my 2nd year placement. Social theory helps us to understand the ways of the world and how we live in it. It also provides us with different outlooks on why things happen in the way they do, and how society is organised and structured in a certain way. For the purpose of this essay I will use names for people instead of letters as I feel this will make the essay flow better. Any names relating to the service users or placement setting will be fictional. The placement setting was an inner city hostel, providing twenty four hour support for people age between sixteen and thirty. The service user group consisted of ex offenders and people leaving care. According to Giddens (2001), Social theory includes concepts on conflict and class, as well as theories to help make clear the reasons for behaviour and how people develop. Durkheim, Weber and Marx are all founders of social theory and analysed how societies functioned in the attempt to make sense of social problems and behaviours. The most important learning curve for me this year is that Social Work is bursting with theories, laws and guidance with a purpose to make our work more professional for those using the service. However, I found that actually putting everything I have learned into practice proved to be more difficult than I had anticipated. And at times, it seemed almost impossible and meaningless. From my observations whilst on placement at the hostel it became obvious that there are many reasons for not putting these theories into practice. The main reason was resources and constraints due to funding cuts. But I also witnessed sloppiness and lack of anti discriminatory practice from senior members of the hostel staff. I had to question one occasion involving Kevin, (a service user at this hostel) , when I was asked if I would deliver a pre written warning form the manager, to Kevin for using drugs in front of the other service users. I knew that Kevin is not very well thought of in the hostel, because of his attitude; there were times when he has really tried the patients of the staff, including my-self.   But after reading the warning letter, I felt that I had to voice my concerns. In my opinion the letter was discriminating because all the residents who use drugs, did so in front of each other, so why single him out. This resulted in the warning not being given and a feeling of irritation towards me from the cluster manager. I feel that, anti discrimination and anti oppressive practice are some of the main underpinning principles of anyone working in the field of social work. The British Association of Social Workers (BASW), state in their definition of social work, the encouragement of â€Å"social change and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being†.   People from all social groups can experience abuse or oppression of some form or another, and I feel that the above definition suggests that a role of social work is to help protect vulnerable people against abuse. The expressions â€Å"oppression† and â€Å"discrimination† are sometimes used interchangeably. However, Thompson (1997) describes discrimination as â€Å"prejudicial behaviour acting against the interests of those people who characteristically belong to relatively powerless groups, it is a matter of social formation as well as individual or group behaviour†. Thompson goes on to say that oppression and discrimination involves â€Å"hardship and injustice brought about by the dominance of one group over another; the negative and demeaning exercise of power.† Empowerment and partnership have also appeared to me as problematic areas of work. This is because I have been attempting to link the theory learned at University, which includes, empowerment and partnership amongst others, and put them into practice whilst on my placement. As a result, I personally experienced the problems that have to be overcome in order to work productively with these concepts, such as one problem I encountered when working with Barry, (a service user at the hostel) was the support worker from his previous hostel, and part of the same agency, had contacted me to see how things where progressing, she then disclosed details of our private conversation back to Barry who then turned to me asking why people have been talking about him. In my opinion professional boundaries hade been broken and inter agency working or partnership was not beneficial in this case, especially when Barry told me that he had been out drinking with this previous support worker and that he ha s gone back to her house afterwards. I felt that this is a direct contradiction to the Code of Practice that we are supposed to abide by. Observing others and how they deal with similar difficulties and a fixed consciousness of how I was working on placement by the means of my reflective diary was a very useful way to assess whether I was effectively using the concepts of partnership and empowerment. Theory has taught me that the concept of partnership (a theory discussed in the module, planning care for adults) does not comprised of a one method or technique but a term that has a range of meanings, Partnership is a fundamental part of anti-discriminatory practice, and for a long time social workers have put great emphasis on enabling and empowering people and avoiding dependency. But the need for clarity, whilst on placement made the term, partnership, more meaningless with no real significance at all. The principles of Social Work can be seen in many different ways and what one sees as partnership working, another may not. As a result, there did not seem to be any tangible way of working towards partnership with the service users at the hostel. This made it complicated for me at the start of the placement as observing others using their own interpretation of partnership made me feel very confused as they all worked towards it in different ways, if at all. I consequently, had to find my own way of working to encourage partnership working. I evaluated the route I took with each client by means of the way I worked with them and their feedback, as well as by means of the supervision sessions with my Practice Teacher. Partnership is all about promoting the self esteem and self determination of a service user. This will increase their sense of power and control over their own lives. Working in partnership involves challenging oppression to allow service-users to be in charge of of their environment by understanding and addressing the causes of the problems in a collaboration between client and worker. This will eventually promote inclusion.   Partnership working will create â€Å"active participants rather than passive recipients† (Thompson, 2007). What I found in the hostel, was that service users didn’t really have any say in what activities they did. One of these activities was making Christmas cards and this was understandably of no interest to the young males aged sixteen to thirty, who where resident at this time. I heard one of the service users describe this activity as â€Å"just like being a kid at school†. The hostel staff saw this as attitude issues; however I thought it was fare comment. According to, Marsh (2003), â€Å"Partnership does not imply an equality of power, or an equality of work†. The hostel staff were predictably involved in the use of authority, this is not a barrier to empowerment or working in partnership, provided that this power is not misused, however, telling the service users that â€Å"if they worked for three days making Christmas cards, they would receive a one day gym pass† seemed like coercion.   I feel that, It was not for the staff to use their power to coerce service users into following a particular course of action, but to â€Å"use such power constructively in identifying and working towards agreed goals as part of a process of partnership† (Stepney and Ford 2000).Service users in this situation must feel that their input and choice of activity is not considered. In my opinion service users can make a significant contribution in terms of their experience and knowledge of their situation; we should recognize their problem solving abilities rather than seeing them in terms of the problems they bring. This involves being able to â€Å"use power to empower† and the â€Å"use of power should be the exception rather than the rule† (Thompson, 2007). Involving service-users as much as possible will facilitate social work in becoming a procedure whereby the worker does things with people rather than to them.(Thompson, 2007). Beckett (2006) in his book â€Å"Essential Theory for Social Work Practice† states that one of the ways in which we can make sure that the service-user remains the main focus is to involve them in shaping the service itself. According to Braye (2000), there are times when this can occur. One such time is when the service user is involved in their own service. The personal support plan is a written agreement that is carried out within the first week of residency at the hostel. This involves a member of staff and the service user identifying the individual needs of the particular person. for instance, their need for outside agencies such as counseling support, their needs regarding change of doctors or dentist and their needs for maximizing benefit claims This is very beneficial because every service user that comes into the hostel has specific needs relating to their own particular circumstances. The personal support plan allows the service user to fully contribute in tailoring the support to their specific needs. Braye, goes on to say that another element is a service user’s involvement in group work. Group work theory was one of the main theories I witnessed and used on placement. Pierson and Thomas (2002) state that, â€Å"Group work is a range of activities†¦that can enable individuals and groups to develop problem solving skills to address both their own concerns and those of the wider community.† There are several areas in which group work therapy is used, and which have varying levels of success.   According to Coulshed and Orme (1998) these can consist of, educational and recreational groups, group counselling and self help groups.   They can all have different themes but most will grow in very similar ways.   Interpersonal skills are an important tool when working with groups and some of the main skills that are used within this are effective verbal communication, active listening and willing participation within the group (Coulshed and Orme 1998). The group work sessions I was involved in were mostly informal/social group settings such as cooking, games and quiz nights. What I mean by informal, is that it didnt fit any formal therapeutic group work theory and had no formal structure. Informal group work is mainly for sharing views and knowledge in a social/fun setting of individuals located within the same organisation. The benefits of informal group work are that it is a more relaxed, social atmosphere with no hard fixed meeting time. This can make attendance higher as it is a non threatening social setting. Group work of this kind can help Developing service users knowledge and generic skills, such as communication skills, collaborative skills, critical skills and attitudes towards diversity. Group work can also develop person’s abilities through the â€Å"interplay† of different personalities and increase their desire to socialise (BASW). I found that being able to verbalise issues within the setting of the group helped in producing confidence and allowed self expression in the service users. Actively listening too the group can also encourage the growth of more ideas and promote further discussions from other members present. Active listening is a way of communicating that makes others feel understood and confident to express themselves more honestly. This involves (amongst other things) good eye contact, repeating back what they have said and sitting in an un-oppressive position.   (Cournoyer 2008). Another form of group work is the formal group activity.   When I was on placement at the hostel there were always, four males and two females resident. The same two females had remained, whilst the males have changed. There was a lot of sexual activity at the hostel with the residents constantly changing partners. Kevin, (who I referred to earlier in this essay) is HIV positive and has Hepatitis C. Dale (a resident at the hostel) told us that she had intercourse with Kevin and with all the other male residents and that all the male resident have had intercourse with Ellie, (the other female resident). This information, along with the binge drinking problem with all the residents prompted a sexual health and alcohol awareness day to promote the dangers of STIs and binge drinking to the residents. Konopka (1963) describes group work as a method of social work that is used in order to help people enhance their social awareness through focused group experiences and to cope more successfully with their personal or community problems. This definition shows a pattern within group work of helping people with problems. Brown (1994) provides a modernised and more comprehensive definition of group work He states that â€Å"Group work provides a context in which individuals help each other; it is a method of helping groups as well as helping individuals; and it can enable individuals and groups to influence and change personal, group, organisational and community problems†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Brown 1994) During feedback from the ,sexual health awareness presentation, I gave to the service users from two hostels,   it was stated by my practice teacher that my verbal communication skills were very good, and that I was able to generate good ideas, good service user involvement as well as being quite a motivational speaker. Task centred practice was another theory used by the agency that I was placed in; it was useful in range of settings such as counselling, education and self help. The theory of task centred practice was first discovered in the United States by Reid and Shyne (1969). Task centred intervention was brought about through the responses opposed to psychodynamic theories as this method was a long time consuming process that often lead to dependency. Task centred intervention is similar to crisis intervention, as in, it can be seen as planed or predictable. In the early 1990s task centred work was originally used in family and group casework.   (Marsh and Doel 1992) As a concept emerging in the 1960s, task centred practice is comparatively new in comparison to some other social work methods. Previous to the carrying out of task-centred practice, many service users received long term intervention and Social workers focused on feelings rather than action.   Buckle, (1981) in Coulshed Orme (1998) state that: â€Å" some clients received help for years and compulsive care-giving by helpers often resulted in the difficulties of becoming the responsibility and ‘property’ of the worker.†Ã‚  Ã‚   This form of intervention could possibly lead to â€Å"learned-helplessness†. This is another theory and describes what happens when the service user becomes dependant on the social worker and discards the concept of them fending for or helping themselves. M, Payne (1997) refers to research carried out by Seligman (1975). Seligman’s theory of ‘learned helplessness’ was discovered through his experimentation on animals and humans. He discovered that people with low expectations produced little results. Seligman states that, â€Å"their capacity to learn useful behaviour in other situations becomes impaired. People lose motivation, become anxious and depressed and poor at thinking.† One common assumption with the term â€Å"task centred† is that the social worker does the tasks, such as phoning other professionals for the service user, but this is not the case. The focus of task centred practice should be on empowering the service user to do these tasks themselves in a set time scale.   Couldshed and Orme (1998) state that, â€Å" task-centred practice, also known as brief therapy, short-term or contract work has had a significant impact on both social work practice and the organisation of services†. Service user participation is the key to task centred practice, but on the other hand, the service user may be unwilling to participate. This may possibly be due to court orders, where the service user has little choice but to follow the conditions set by the court or they will face prosecution. Under these circumstances, the client may agree to the situation but possibly reluctant to accept or partake in the process  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (M. Payne 1997). If this was the case, then a task-centred approach may be unsuccessful and another approach such as person centred could be more suitable (Dole Marsh 1992). A service user could also appear unwilling to take part because of their preconceptions of social workers. We would also have to consider the attitude of an individual social worker. If the social worker appears defensive or appears to be unaware of the power imbalance then the service user may also be reluctant to participate. Social workers also need an understanding of their own feelings and underlying prejudices and values before attempting to explore the interpersonal skills involved in building up client worker relationships. Reid (1992) suggests that: â€Å" only acknowledged problems offer necessary degree of partnership.† To conclude this assignment, I have discussed the different theories I learned about in University and practiced on placement. Social work involves changes to procedures, knowledge and legislation. So many failings with cases in the past have provoked changes and many of these are involved with making social workers more capable of justifying their work. This is done consecutively to minimise harm caused to service users, our organisation and ourselves. Social work is a profession categorised by risk, uncertainty and difficulty and as a result, we need theory, awareness and a sound knowledge of our values and ethics to enable us be accountable and proficient in our practice. Theories, values and ethics permit us to assess our practice and to reflect on it, in order to help us be more accountable and be able to justify our actions when helping others.   (Maclean, Harrison 2009) References Beckett, C. (2006) Essential Theory for Social Work Practice. England: Sage Publications Ltd. Brayne, S. and Preston Shoot, M. (1995) Empowering Practice in Social Care. Great Britain: Open University Press. Brown, A. (1994). Group work 3rd Edition. Ashgate Publishing: Great Yarmouth Code of Ethics for Social Work, www.basw.co.uk. Viewed on 22/04/2011 Cournoyer, B (2008) The Social Work Skills Work Book (5th Ed). Belmont: Thomson higher education. Coulshed, V. and Orme, J. (1998). Social Work Practice an Introduction, 3rd Edition, New York: Palgrave. Dignan, J. Marsh, P. (2003) Restorative Justice and Family Group conferences in England: Current State and Future Prospects’, in McLaughlin, E. Fergusson, R. Giddens, A. (2001) Sociology, 4th ed. Polity Press:  Cambridge. Doel, M. and Marsh, P. (1992).   Task-Centred Social Work. Aldershot: Ashgate. Hughes, G. Westmarland, L. (Eds) Restorative Justice: Critical Issues.London: Sage Publications Ltd. Payne, M (2005) Modern Social Work Theory. 3rd Edition Basingstoke: Palgrave Pierson, J. and Thomas, M. (2002). Collins Dictionary of Social Work, 2nd Edition Great Britain: HarperCollins Publishers Limited. Reid and Shyne (1969). The origins of case work, iriss.org.uk. viewed 04/05/2011 Maclean, S and Harrison, R. (2009), Theory Practice A Straightforward Guide For Social work Students. Rugeley: Kirwin Maclean Associates Limited. Thompson, N. (1997).   Anti-Discriminatory Practice, 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Stepney, P. and Ford, D. (2000) Social Work Models, Methods and Theories. England: Russell House Publishing

Hard water in Chemistry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hard water in Chemistry - Assignment Example C02 and water reacts with each other carbonic acid. Carbonic acid usually exists as a bicarbonate ion at a normal environmental pH.   (figure 1) . Extensive limestone deposits have been built up over the years by microorganism by taking up of this carbonic acid. Groundwater acquires calcium and bicarbonate ions and hence becomes "hard". If the bicarbonate ions are a lot then they may form a precipitate like that in pipes. (Figure 2)Temporary hardnessTemporary hardness is referred to such water that can lose its hardness by simply boiling it. Boiling water gives rise to the following reaction2 HCO3–  Ã¢â€ â€™ CO32–  + CO2CO32–  reacts with Calcium  or Magnesium  ions. This leads to the formation of a precipitate. This precipitate is actually calcium and magnesium carbonates which are insoluble in nature.Water that doesn’t lose it hardness by boiling is known to be permanently hard. This is mainly due to the presence of chloride or sulphate, that is, it contains anions. Traditional water softening is usually carried out through a process that is known as ion exchange. Ion exchange refers to the process in which chloride and sodium ions exchange places. These ions are fixed comparatively loosely to something called a zeolite. Zeolite may be understood referring to figure 3 in the appendix,Although they is quite some proof that electromagnetic devices may be useful in preventing the formation of scale.

Marketing Plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Plan - Coursework Example The prospected customers are also interested in perfumes from reputable manufacturers. In addition, Jade has plans to survey opportunities for the ever-increasing online sales (Fisher et al. 2005). Over the next two years, Jade can impose itself as the strongest emerging competitor in the perfume retail industry through increased distribution, new products from manufactures, and win new customers to maintain its leading strength. Jade perfume is the new kid in the block. ‘A new kid with new rules’ is the number one Jade slogan. It is not just a brand shop but also the emerging strongest competitor in the retail perfume industry. Customers should think of Jade as, not just a brand but also as a luxurious, modern, fun, innovative, professional, trend-setting, innovative and friendly collection (Fisher et al. 2005). As a perfume and cologne collection shop, Jade Perfumes has an overwhelming marketing environment with opportunities as well as a variety of challenge both internally and externally. Jade has a number of strengths that will make it the strongest emerging competitor in the industry. First, the brand name in itself is eye-catching, simple and sweet. Jade as a name is always associated with cute ladies and a perfect name for a perfume and cologne shop. Second to the strengths is the target market. Jade perfumes target the youth (teenagers and young adults) and the elderly men and women alike. Pricing is the third strong factor that separates Jade from other shops in the industry (Fisher et al. 2005). The designed pricing system will accommodate middle income and wealthy individuals. Jade products range from the pocket friendly to the expensive perfume brands. The products are divided into sections with different pricing, and every person who gets into Jade perfumes will certainly come out happy. Fourth, Jade has a strong professional team that will serve the customers to their satisfaction with a dedication of achieving the