The relationship between employee engagement and organisational Research Paper

The relationship between employee engagement and organisational performance - Research Paper Example Moreover, the survey also stated that 28% of the global workforce is engaged, 54% is not engaged and 17% is actively disengaged. It was also found that with high level of employees’ engagement organizations tens to do well in the competitive business environment. The discussion aims to investigate the complex issues in contemporary HRM by focusing more on socio-economic issues offering challenges to HR practioners. The discussion underpins relevant literature to seek answer for the key issue revolving around socio-economic issues posing as a great challenge for contemporary HRM that is yet to be defined and understood fully in the current business environment. Majority of the literature stated that high level of employee engagement leads to better organizational performance but organizations need to be transparent and honest in their approach while making their employees fully engaged to accomplish stated goals and objectives. Based on the analysis of the literature in the con text of employees’ engagement and organizations performance, it was concluded that strengthening the relationship between employees and organizations matters the most in order to enhance the overall organizational performance. ... Robinson, et al (2004) stated that employee engagement is the involvement of employees with enthusiasm for work that often results in better organizational performance. Furthermore, Fernandez (2007) stated that employee engagement is the positive attitude held by employees for their organization’s values and objectives that is created by effective relationship between employers and employees. Coffman (2000) stated that there is a positive relationship between employee engagement and organizational performance as engaged employees are more likely to help organizations through their dedicated approach and efforts. Meere (2005) conducted a survey on 360000 employees from 41 companies of 10 different countries and found that operating and net profit drastically reduced with low engagement of employees. Clifton (2008) stated that employee engagement is closely linked to the organizational performance but also requires organizations to form sustainable relationship with employees. O n the other hand, Vance (2006) believed that every organization has different ways of engaging their employees to enhance organizational performance. However, motivation and compassionate behaviour always help organizations to engage their employees to perform well along with putting their best foot forward in achieving the proposed goals and objectives in a systematic and enthusiastic manner. On the basis of the above discussion, it can be said that employee engagement leads to better organizational performance but organizations need to maintain good relationship with employees in order to win their confidence and loyalty resulting in better engagement and better creation of value and thus enhancing the overall organizational performance. Employee Engagement and Organizational Performance

Effect of a Narcotic Antagonist on an Addict Essay Example for Free

Effect of a Narcotic Antagonist on an Addict Essay Addictive ailments are described by the constant exploit of a drug like cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, alcohol, and other related drugs (McDowell, 1999).  These ailments frequently caused by the following: the increase of tolerance for such drugs, requiring further increase on amounts to pull off the preferred outcome; material addiction, differentiated by a series of definite indications and physiological signs like, for example, the pulling out or self-denial condition on termination of use of the particular drug; and obsessive drug-pursuit manners, with persistent, habitual, or irregular use, notwithstanding potential impairment not only to self but also to others. Starting in the first years of 1960s, studies and researches have been mounting in the biology of addictive ailments and disorders, and importance has transferred from only psychosomatic, epidemiological, and sociological studies to examinations of the neurobiological, molecular, and metabolic sources of drug-dependence (McDowell, 1999). The four foremost addictive ailments and disorders are alcoholism, cocaine, â€Å"narcotic (or opiate) addiction†, and other nicotine addiction, and stimulant addiction (McDowell, 1999). Drug dependence may also transpire subsequent to constant exploit of other sorts of means like benzodiazepines, marijuana, and barbiturates. In 1973, opiate mediator, which functions to serve as an agent involving the opioid and the physiological reactions, overwhelmingly recognized in mammals which include human beings. From then on, it has been identified that there are no less than three diverse sorts of opioid agents such as the following: delta receptors, kappa receptors, and mu receptors. Opioids consist of materials that are created by the endocrine system such as the endorphins, dynorphins, and enkephalins, and may be manufactured artificially (Stine Kosten, 1997). Exogenous artificial opioids are employed expansively in the management of pain. Treatment using narcotic antagonist like Naltrexone for opiate dependents is typically carried out in patients who are being treated outside medical asylums though the start of the prescription regularly begins subsequent to therapeutic detoxification in an outpatient cases (OMalley, 1998). Naltrexone has extended side effects. It is an artificial opiate adversary with a small number of side effects that is employed through oral in-takes either every day or every three times in a week for a continuous period of time. Patients who undergo narcotic antagonist treatment must be medically cleansed and free from opiate substances for couple of days before naltrexone can be administered to put off the tendency of opiate asceticism syndrome. When employed this way, all the upshots of self-managed opiates, as well as euphoria, are entirely obstructed. The presumption behind such management is that the frequent and continual deficiency of the preferred opiate outcomes, with the apparent ineffectiveness of taking the opiate, will progressively and eventually bring in infringement on the obsession of opiate dependence. Naltrexone itself does not have personal upshots or probable for exploitation and is not addicting (OMalley, 1998). However, the patient’s cooperation is the foremost requirement such that refusal of such treatment is really a frequent predicament. Thus, a positive treatment result needs that there should also be a constructive medical rapport, valuable psychoanalysis or psychotherapy, and cautious monitoring of prescription observance. Patients soothed on naltrexone can perform jobs, prevent misdeeds and transgressions as well as hostility, and decrease their contact to HIV. Lots of knowledgeable and skilled medical-psychological therapists have acknowledged the effects of naltrexone as the most practical and functional for extremely aggravated, freshly detoxified drug-dependents who wish total withdrawal from drug addiction because of outside factors including damaged experts, probationers, parolees and prisoners who are granted a â€Å"work-release status† (OMalley, 1998). Patients neutralized on naltrexone can act just as how normal people do. They can perform jobs, prevent misdeeds and hostility of the street traditions, and decrease their contact to HIV by discontinuing drug exploitation and â€Å"drug-related high- risk sexual behavior (Stine Kosten, 1997). †

Indecision, Hesitation and Delay in Shakespeares Hamlet - Hamlets Delay In Killing Claudius :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Hamlet: Theories Of Hamlet's Delay In Killing Claudius There are several theories about why Hamlet, the main character of Shakespeare's masterpiece, Hamlet, delays in killing his Uncle, King Claudius. As the son of a murdered noble, Hamlet is obligated to avenge the death of his father. However, the act is never performed until the end of the play... quite some time after Hamlet discovered Claudius was his father's killer. Some historians and literary experts would say Hamlet's strong religious bonds prevented him from performing the sinful deed. Others would have it that Hamlet was a melancholic and therefore was too intellectual to kill his uncle. Infamous psychologist, Sigmund Freud, felt Hamlet suffered from an Oedipal complex and could not kill Claudius because he himself wished to be in Claudius' place. Hamlet delays in killing Claudius not only because he's suffering from an Oedipal complex but also because he is far too sane or practical to commit an act of murder. In other words, basic sanity keeps him from killing Claudius. In society we are taught that those who commit murder are sick or insane. However, Hamlet's society believes the son of a murdered noble is responsible for avenging his father. When the ghost of King Hamlet appears and tells his son Claudius killed him by pouring poison in his ear, Hamlet does not act upon the word of the specter. He takes time to think about what the apparition told him. He contemplates whether it is a good ghost or a bad ghost. He plans things out; analyses situations. When the actors came to town, Hamlet implores one of them, "Dost thou hear me old friend? Can you play The Murder of Gonzago?" (88) The player agrees that he can indeed perform the play. "We'll ha't tomorrow night. You could for a need study a speech of some dozen or sixteen lines which I could set down and insert in't, could you not." (88) Here Hamlet has devised a scheme to discover whether his Uncle truly murdered his father. The play which Hamlet wishes to be performed is one involving a murder similar to that which the ghost described. "The play's the thing wherein I'll catch the conscience of the King." (90) Hamlet 's famous quote means he will study Claudius while the play is being performed. Should the King's manor change in accordance with the play, Hamlet will know the ghost's story is true through his well thought out scheme. Another example of Hamlet's cleverness is displayed when he switches the notes unbeknownst to Guildenstern and Rosencrantz. Claudius, realizing Hamlet is

Objective of Punishment

Objectives of Punishment There have been many rules throughout history some choose to follow those rules and some choose to break the rules. The big question is the product to those who should break the rules. There was a day when parents could spank their children freely and accepted as simply normal. As the years went on, society started to see how people would take it too far. Therefore, laws had to change. It is the same within today’s prison system. Individuals are in prison because they broke the rules and would have to serve their time. Some go to federal prison and some go to state prisons. It depends on the type of crime that a person commits; because these prisons harbor different types of criminals they also have different guidelines to follow in terms to punishing the inmates. How does sending one person to state or one person to federal prison affect the correctional system altogether? The State of California’s main goal of sentencing is to match the community sanctions with the offender. The types of community sanctions include: Criminal offenders who benefit from prevention services and are at risk of committing more crimes include: juvenile offenders with learning difficulties, high school dropouts, and urban youth gang members. Prevention services may include activities such as special education programs, and big brother programs. Criminal offenders who have received and benefited from these early intervention services are mostly first time offenders. Early intervention programs can significantly decrease the offender’s chances for committing crimes in the future. Offenders need substance abuse and alcohol counseling-related services, work skill development, and education, (Nieto, 1996). Offenders eligible for these programs are people in prison who can divert to alternative services and programs. The convicted offenders can be a second time or even a third time offenders who failed probation and even convicted of several of nonviolent offenses. California's â€Å"three strike's law,† can result in convicted felon sentenced to prison for life if the convicted offenders first two felonies were violent crimes and the third felony committed by the repeat offender is also a violent crime, (Nieto, 1996). The main goal of these sentencing guidelines is to put the targeted offenders with appropriate community sanctions. However, there are some differences and variations in the California sentencing guidelines, which include the punishment by the nature of crime committed, frequency, and severity. A good example took place in Michigan. If an offender is arrested for burglary, which is a class ‘C' felony in the state of Michigan, and a previous drug arrest, which are also a class C crime. The Michigan sentencing guideline rates provide sentencing options from alternative community corrections to a two-year prison sentence, (Nieto, 1996). The community correction’s alternative gives the judge the option of sentencing the criminal offender to a community-based and secured substance abuse treatment program for a period of six months. Upon successful completion of the treatment program, the offender must complete a probationary period. The discretion of the judge comes from a vast array of options. However, if an offender is found guilty of a serious felony and has prior nonviolent felony, sentencing guidelines provide community corrections and alternatives are not authorized and a minimum two-year prison sentence may be requisite, (Nieto, 1996). Until 1975, the federal bureau of prisons operated under the principles of the medical model of managing inmates. The medical model entailed educational, vocational, and treatment programs that attempted to transform criminal behavior into a positive and productive behaviors that would benefit society. The medical model utilized the federal inmate classification system to manage the inmate population and promote individualized treatment, (Miller, 2011). By 1975, the federal bureau of prisons had a much greater inmate population than it had several decades earlier during its inception, and they adopted the balanced model to manage those inmates. The balanced model no longer promoted individualized treatment. The balanced model was a composite model that focused on a combination of the principles of rehabilitation, deterrence, retribution, and incapacitation, (Miller, 2011). Several other major changes over the last few decades have affected the sentencing of those convicted of violating federal laws. The U. S. Sentencing Commission of 985 limited the use of probation for federal offenses, particularly for drug offenses and violent crimes. The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 limited the amount of time the prisoners could reduce from their sentences for good behavior. This new law mandated that federal prisoners must serve a minimum of 85% of their sentence. The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 also abolished the use of parole for federal p risoners, (Miller, 2011). Federal prisons manage their inmates within the guidelines of a Prisoners Bill of Rights. The prisoner’s rights include clean and decent living environments. Prisoners also have the rights to develop and maintain skills as a productive worker and have the rights to maintain and reinforce family and community ties, (Miller, 2011). The adoption of prisoner rights has helped the federal prisons avoid much of the legal turmoil that has embroiled the state prison systems. Most of the United States economist believed that in today’s times, the USA experiences the most drastic crisis in decades. All states in the United States report about significant budget shortfalls. As the results, the state governments significantly have to reduce their spending for correctional system. For the last two decades of the 20th Century, the spending for state and federal penitentiaries increased 600% because of the growth of measured requiring economic expenditures, for example, mandatory minimum sentences, truth in sentencing laws and three-strike legislation, (Carlson, 2008). Although economic trends started affecting the consideration of sentencing policy, the public attitude toward crimes has greatly changed. Polls show that more people think that it is necessary to address the root causes of crimes and less support the use of strict measures toward criminals. The attitude toward mandatory sentencing also underwent a change. The pool conducted in 2005 showed that 38% think that mandatory sentencing is a good idea whereas 45% of respondents prefer judicial discretion. This radical change in the attitude can be causing significant drop in the crime rate registered in the country, (Carlson, 2008). State and federal governments respond to the impact of the economic crisis on the correction system in a number of ways. The nature of problems varies, depending on the state, and so varies the strategies used. The most popular measures are as follows: prison closings, cuts of the staff in corrections, reviewing the budget of corrections concerning nonessentials, reconsidering sentencing schemes, establishing sentencing committees and commissions. Everything in life changes all the time and will always be that way, which is why everything about the past be called history. The rules and regulations for punishing the wicked and wrong doers always have been around. Many past mistakes made; consequently, the rules had to have either adjusted or completely erased altogether to fix these mistakes. The system of punishment is not a design to humiliate or degrade individual in any way, it is an intention to teach the difference between what is right and what is wrong according to the guidelines set forth by government officials. As the rules and regulations change, it affects the state and federal prison systems. They have had to become more lenient and tolerant with the individuals punished for their crimes. Still they have to try to maintain order within the walls of the confinement even though tougher laws outside the walls are making it easier to put individuals behind bars causing overcrowding and less money for security. References Carlson, Peter M. (2008). Garrett, Judith Simon, Prison and Jail Administration: Practice and Theory, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Miller, Whitehead (2011). Report Writing for Criminal Justice Professionals, 4th Edition, p140, Chapter 6, State and Federal Prisons, Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Nieto, Marcus (May 1996). Community Correction Punishments: An Alternative To Incarceration for Nonviolent Offenders. http://www. library. ca. gov/crb/96/08/#RTFToC6.

German bombers Essay

Children began to move back into the cities. This caused the strain upon the British government, money was need to support huge propaganda campaigns to get parents to send children back into the countryside. As soon as the phoney war was over and cities became the targets of German bombers there was a rush to get the children back to the countryside, meaning a second trip for many, a waste of both time and money. In spite of all this evacuation was a success as its valuable points outweigh the bad. When German bombers gave up on attacking British airfields and military targets, they employed the tactics of bombing British cities, hoping the country would give in by submission. This was known as the Blitz, during which Britain suffered over 43,000 casualties (a relative low number compared to bombing raids on Japan and Germany in the latter stages of the war) and only a small percentage of these were children. The whole event, though it had faults was planned from 1935 and planned well. Albeit speed proved not to be crucial for the evacuation, the British managed to evacuate a million and a half people in 4 days – an impressive feat by any standard. The transportation was also well organised with many trains leaving from the city into the countryside and all reaching their destination without hindrance. With the number of people being evacuated, accomplishing anything of worth was a formidable task. In spite of this, schools were relocated, so children could continue with their schooling. The government did not make foster parenting a completely thankless tasks, the governments paid carers (a good incentive for some though many were already rich). There was also the social good of the evacuation. Will many city people eventually ending up in the countryside there was a mix of cultures – rural people could see how badly some people in the city lived, and the city children could learn more about the countryside. For many children a new way of living had been introduced to them. Though these factors were of no significant value to the war effort but helped improve people conceptions of the country. Considering things from a military prospective, the evacuation was a success. During the war, the Luftwaffe battled ferociously with the Royal Air Force. However the Germans changed their tactics, instead of bombing airfields and military installations they concentrated on major cities. Though not widely publicised, Britain suffered greatly from the bombings. Nearing the end of the war, the Germans changed their bombing tactics again, they now used the dreaded V1 planes and later on the V2 rockets. The latter caused much death and destruction and no defence could be found. Britain lost many buildings and lives. Britain’s casualties for children however was relatively low, because most were safe in the countryside. The safety of the children was a boost for moral, workers knew that their children were safe. Cities would also operate more efficiently with out the hinderance of the elderly, young and disabled. â€Å"Evacuation was a great success† I believe so.

Tree Symbolism Essay Example

Tree Symbolism Essay Example Tree Symbolism Paper Tree Symbolism Paper People may often ask themselves why they should learn about tree symbolism. Many people would probably say the meaning of trees does not interest them. But knowing what tree symbolism means goes beyond knowing the healing properties of a tree, its elemental correspondences, or its mythological associations. Tree symbolism is a way of classifying, identifying, and organizing the array of energetic knowledge they contain and incorporating this array in peoples daily lives. Human minds are beginning to touch this understanding: To know something is also to Join with it. To Join in an understanding of life causes association with it. When we start to understand tree symbolism, we can then further our perspective into four basic concepts: cultural/historic perspectives of trees, biological functions of trees, energetic resonance of trees, and environment of trees. The beech, birch, willow, and cedar are all used symbolically throughout history to enhance beliefs, offer concrete examples, and connect meaning. The beech tree is native to North America, Europe, and Asia. These trees grow slowly and usually reach a height of 120 feet, with branches expanding to 50 feet ide. Beech trees produce edible nuts and are commonly used as timber for floors, furniture, cabinets, barrels, and toys. The trees are known to symbolize tolerance, past knowledge, and softening criticism. The beech is known for tolerance; for instance, the tree can withstand different soil conditions and habitats. Past knowledge is another symbol; beech trees hold the knowledge of the power of the written word. History reveals that the first European literature was written on beech bark. Beech is the tree of the discovery of lost wisdom, and the individual must learn ot to discount the knowledge and teachings of the past. This type of tree reminds us to soften over-criticalness due to individuals written and spoken communication to accomplish tasks more effectively. The birch tree symbolizes new beginning and renewal. This tree represents the symbol of new beginnings; therefore, the wood is tough, heavy, and straight grained, making it suitable for handles and toys and good for turning. Traditionally, babies cradles were made of birch wood, drawing on the earlier symbolism of new beginnings. The birch trees ability to adapt toa variety of conditions and repopulate quickly after a fire made it a sacred symbol of renewal. Birch trees provided food, medicine, textiles for clothing, shoes, and material for building a shelter. Willow tree meanings include magic, healing, inner vision, and dreams. Native Americans across the world rely on their main source of medical treatments from the tree. This use is because the willow contained acetylsalicylic acid, also known as a form of aspirin. However, its known to people that if they make a wand out of the illow bark and put it underneath their pillow, they will be able to remember their inner vision and dreams at night better. In the 19th century (and earlier), women who dwell upon the death of a loved one showed photographs or drawings including one or more mourners in dark dresses bent over a tombstone with a willow tree a symbol of death, tears, mourning, and reflection. Perhaps this is the origin of the Another tree, called cedar, is found throughout the world and symbolizes healing, cleansing, and protection. All the cedar trees have a fragrance that is leansing and protecting. Cedar is said to be used in rituals and ceremonies to prepare a person or area. Native Americans used it for purification purposes. A staff made from cedar wood has the energy of protection, and it can open opportunities to heal imbalances of emotional distress. Cedar is a tree whose spirit and principle will strengthen and enhance any inner potentials of an individual. This is tied to strong healing energies that cleanse the body, especially at night while the individual sleeps. Cedar helps individuals to balance their emotional and mental odies and can stimulate dream activity, which brings inspiration and calm. In conclusion, throughout history trees have been powerful symbols to many people of different cultures. Therefore, trees of life represent the knowledge of good and evil and invite people to absorb their essences. Trees symbolize life and growth by reaching down to the ground and up to the sky at the same time. The deep- rooted meaning of trees is apparent in common metaphors such as the Tree of Life and our ancestral heritage depicted in family trees.

Fresh Meat and Fish in the Middle Ages

Fresh Meat and Fish in the Middle Ages Depending on their status in society and where they lived, medieval people had a variety of meats to enjoy. But thanks to Fridays, Lent, and various days deemed meatless by the Catholic Church, even the wealthiest and most powerful people did not eat meat or poultry every day. Fresh fish was fairly common, not only in coastal regions, but inland, where rivers and streams were still teeming with fish in the Middle Ages, and where most castles and manors included well-stocked fish ponds. Those who could afford spices used them liberally to enhance the flavor of meat and fish. Those who could not afford spices used other flavorings like garlic, onion, vinegar and a variety of herbs grown throughout Europe. The use of spices and their importance has contributed to the misconception that it was common to use them to disguise the taste of rotten meat. However, this was an uncommon practice perpetrated by underhanded butchers and vendors who, if caught, would pay for their crime. Meat in Castles and Manor Homes A large portion of the foodstuffs served to the residents of castles and manor homes came from the land on which they lived. This included wild game from nearby forests and fields, meat and poultry from the livestock they raised in their pastureland and barnyards, and fish from stock ponds as well as from the rivers, streams and seas. Food was used swiftly usually within a few days, and sometimes on the same day and if there were leftovers, they were gathered up as alms for the poor and distributed daily. Occasionally, meat procured ahead of time for large feasts for the nobility would have to last a week or so before being eaten. Such meat was usually large wild game like deer or boar. Domesticated animals could be kept on the hoof until the feast day drew near, and smaller animals could be trapped and kept alive, but big game had to be hunted and butchered as the opportunity arose, sometimes from lands several days travel away from the big event. There was often concern from those overseeing such victuals that the meat might go off before it came time to serve it, and so measures were usually taken to salt the meat to prevent rapid deterioration. Instructions for removing outer layers of meat that had gone bad and making wholesome use of the remainder have come down to us in extant cooking manuals. Be it the most sumptuous of feasts or the more modest daily meal, it was the lord of the castle or manor, or the highest-ranking resident, his family, and his honored guests who would receive the most elaborate dishes and, consequently, the finest portions of meat. The lower the status of the other diners, the further away from the head of the table, and the less impressive their food. This could mean that those of low rank did not partake of the rarest type of meat, or the best cuts of meats, or the most fancily-prepared meats; but they ate meat nonetheless. Meat for Peasants and Village-Dwellers Peasants rarely had much fresh meat of any kind. It was illegal to hunt in the lords forest without permission, so, in most cases, if they had game it would have been poached, and they had every reason to cook it and dispose of the remains the very same day it was killed. Some domestic animals such as cows and sheep were too large for everyday fare and were reserved for the feasts of special occasions like weddings, baptisms, and harvest celebrations. Chickens were ubiquitous, and most peasant families (and some city families) had them; but people would enjoy their meat only after their egg-laying days (or hen-chasing days) were over. Pigs were very popular, and could forage just about anywhere, and most peasant families had them. Still, they werent numerous enough to slaughter every week, so the most was made of their meat by turning it into long-lasting ham and bacon. Pork, which was popular in all levels of society, would be an unusual meal for peasants. Fish could be had from the sea, rivers and streams, if there were any nearby, but, as with hunting the forests, the lord could claim the right to fish a body of water on his lands as part of his demesne. Fresh fish was not often on the menu for the average peasant. A peasant family would usually subsist on pottage and porridge, made from grain, beans, root vegetables and pretty much anything else they could find that might taste good and provide sustenance, sometimes enhanced with a little bacon or ham. Meat in Religious Houses Most rules followed by monastic orders limited the consumption of meat or forbade it altogether, but there were exceptions. Sick monks or nuns were allowed meat to aid their recovery. The elderly were allowed meat the younger members were not, or were given greater rations. The abbot or abbess would serve meats to guests and partake, as well. Often, the entire monastery or convent would enjoy meat on feast days. And some houses allowed meat every day but Wednesday and Friday. Of course, fish was an entirely different matter, being the common substitute for meat on meatless days. How fresh the fish would be depended on whether or not the monastery had access to, and fishing rights in, any streams, rivers or lakes. Because monasteries or convents were mostly self-sufficient, the meat available to the brothers and sisters was usually pretty much the same as that served in a manor or castle, although the more common foodstuffs like chicken, beef, pork and mutton would be more likely than swan, peacock, venison or wild boar. Continued on Page Two: Meat in Towns and Cities Meat in Towns and Cities In towns and small cities, many families had enough land to support a little livestock usually a pig or some chickens, and sometimes a cow. The more crowded the city was, however, the less land there was for even the most modest forms of agriculture, and the more foodstuffs had to be imported. Fresh fish would be readily available in coastal regions and in towns by rivers and streams, but inland towns could not always enjoy fresh seafood and might have to settle for preserved fish. City dwellers usually purchased their meat from a butcher, often from a stall in a marketplace but sometimes in a well-established shop. If a housewife bought a rabbit or duck to roast or use in a stew, it was for that mid-day dinner or that evenings meal; if a cook procured beef or mutton for his cookshop or street vending business, his product wouldnt be expected to keep for more than a day. Butchers were wise to offer the freshest meats possible for the simple reason that theyd go out of business if they didnt. Vendors of pre-cooked fast food, which a large portion of city dwellers would frequent due to their lack of private kitchens, were also wise to use fresh meat, because if any of their customers got sick it wouldnt take long for word to spread. This is not to say there werent cases of shady butchers attempting to pass off older meat as fresh or underhanded vendors selling reheated pasties with older meat. Both occupations developed a reputation for dishonesty that has characterized modern views of medieval life for centuries. However, the worst problems were in crowded cities such as London and Paris, where crooks could more easily avoid detection or apprehension, and where corruption among city officials (not inherent, but more common than in smaller towns) made their escapes easier. In most medieval towns and cities, the selling of bad food was neither common nor acceptable. Butchers who sold (or tried to sell) old meat would face severe penalties, including fines and time in the pillory, if their deception was discovered. A fairly substantial number of laws were enacted concerning guidelines for proper management of meat, and in at least one case the butchers themselves drew up regulations of their own. Available Meat, Fish and Poultry Though pork and beef, chicken and goose, and cod and herring were among the most common and abundant types of meat, fowl and fish eaten in the Middle Ages, they were only a fraction of what was available. To find out the variety of meats medieval cooks had in their kitchens, visit these resources: Types of MeatTypes of FowlTypes of FishMedieval Food Preservation

Profile of the Nazi Low Riders - NLR

Profile of the Nazi Low Riders - NLR The Nazi Low Riders (also known as the NLR) originated during the 1970s inside a California Youth Authority facility and is closely associated with the two gangs - Aryan Brotherhood (AB) and the Public Enemy Number One (PEN1). Founded by John Stinson, a white supremacist inmate, the gang was originally formed to act on behalf of the powerful Aryan Brotherhood. Alliances were made and the NLR acted as errand boys to the AB. In the 1980s, the authorities worked hard to break up the AB by isolating its known members in maximum lockup prisons like Pelican Bay and other Security Housing Units (SHUs) and the NLR was needed to conduct AB business in the medium security prisons. Up to this point, the NLR was viewed by prison officials more as a troublesome group rather than a gang. But with its strong alliance with the AB, which had proven to be the most powerful and ruthless prison gang, the NLR began to grow and prison officials took notice. Unlike the AB with its strict - whites only - policy, the NLR permitted some Hispanics to join. Money, not racial purity, seemed to be their ultimate goal. However, in 1999, the NLR was officially classified by CDC authorities as a prison gang causing its membership to also be housed in SHUs, thus diminishing the NLRs usefulness to the AB. Organizational Structure Unlike their AB mentors, the NLR has a simple structure which is adhered to more inside the prisons than on the streets. There is a three-tier system: Seniors: Requires five years of gang membership and at least three seniors must elect the candidate.Juniors: Act in the  capacity of foot soldiers and may recruit new members, but cannot induct new members into the gang.Kids: Are recruits generally coming from smaller gangs. Symbols - Tattoos SwastikasNLR - Nazi Low RidersSS - Lightning boltsHH - Heil Hitler88 - The numerical equal to HHWP - White PowerWSU - White Student UnionAYM - Aryan Youth Movement There are no strict rules about placement of NLR tattoos. In fact, many NLR members are hiding their tattoos in order to avoid being detected as a member and thus being sent to a maximum security prison. Others tell prison officials that the NLR tattoo stands for No Longer Racist. Enemies/Rivals American MafiaBloodsCripsNorteà ±osBlack Guerrilla FamilyNuestra FamiliaMara SalvatruchaLos Angeles crime familyRussian MafiaFriends Stand UnitedLos ZetasOutlawsIsraeli Mafia Allies Aryan BrotherhoodPublic Enemy No.1 Today the NLR operates on the streets, but primarily inside prisons. They have engaged in a variety of criminal activity including extortion, the production and distribution of illegal narcotics, assault, hate crimes, and murder. There are an estimated 1,000 members spread across California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Oklahoma, Illinois and Florida. Internal Struggles In recent years the gang has had some internal struggles over the race issue. One group wants to adopt the Aryan Brotherhood policy of pure white members only, while others want to remain with a half-white ancestry and no black ancestry policy for membership. The Nazi Low Riders Oath I, as a Nazi Low Rider, hereby swear an unrelenting oath upon the green graves of our sires, upon the children in the wombs of our wives, upon the throne of god almighty, sacred to his name, to join together in the holy union with the brothers in this circle and to declare forthright that from this day moment on that I have no fear of death, no fear of foe, that I have a sacred duty to do whatever is necessary to deliver our people from the Jew and bring total victory to the Nazi Low Riders.I, as a Nazi Low Rider Warrior, swear myself to complete secrecy to the Order and total loyalty to my comrades.Let me bear witness to you, my brothers, that should one of you fall in battle, I will see to the welfare and well-being of your family.Let me bear witness to you, my brothers, that should one of you be taken prisoner, I will do whatever is necessary to regain your freedom.Let me bear witness to you, my brothers, that should an enemy agent hurt you, I will chase him to the ends of the ear th and remove his head from his body. And furthermore, let me bear witness to you, my brothers, that if I break this oath let me be forever cursed upon the lips of our people as a coward and an oath breaker.My brothers, let us be his battle-ax and weapons of war. Let us go forward by ones and twos, by scores and legions and as true Nazi Low Riders with pure hearts and strong minds face the enemies of our brotherhood and families, with courage and determination.We hereby invoke the blood covenant and declare that we are in a full state of war and will not lay down our weapons until we have driven the enemy into the sea and reclaimed that which is rightfully ours. Through our blood and gods will, the land will be that of our children. UNTIL DEATH

Intelligence Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intelligence Community - Essay Example Threats such as terrorism are not easy to tackle and it has forced intelligence agencies to invest heavily in new technology as well as create more sophisticated methods of spying on potential adversaries. The rise of al Qaeda and its affiliate organizations has created a situation where it has become essential for the intelligence community to utilize all the resources available to it to ensure that this threat is either neutralized or destroyed. The intelligence community after the Cold War has had to face adversaries who are more numerous than during the Soviet era and this has made it imperative for there to be changes in the way that the various agencies within it operate. For example, during the Soviet era, it was common practice for the various intelligence agencies not to share information with each other; each of them attempting to ensure that what they considered to be their jurisdiction was jealously guarded.1 The rise of the terrorist threat on the United States, especial ly after the 9/11 attacks, changed all that as it led to the realization of the need to be interagency cooperation to prevent such an event from ever taking place again. In recent years, there have developed fusion centers whose main purpose is to ensure that all the information, concerning potential threats, that has been collected by the various agencies is shared in a common database.2 This is a phenomenon which would have been considered strange during the Cold War as each agency in the period attempted to keep all the information that it gathered a closely guarded secret, not to be shared with rival agencies. During the Cold War, the main means of intelligence gathering was either through direct spying, the use of double agents, or through the use of sleeper agents. This form of spying was extremely risky for those individuals involved because it created a situation where, if caught, they were likely to either be killed, or put on display to the embarrassment of their home nati on. The modern form of intelligence gathering, however, aims at preventing such incidents as much as possible and this is based on the fact that there is the use of advanced technology to cover those areas which are highly sensitive. The use of the new forms of intelligence gathering technology has ensured that the need for field agents has become minimal; their being required only during the most crucial of missions. The use of evermore sophisticated intelligence gathering technology has created a situation where it has become much easier to gather intelligence on any target around the globe.3 All the potential threats to the nation are often on the radar of the intelligence agencies, and one way or the other; they are more often than not found out and eliminated. The use of the drone technology has enabled the swift identification, targeting, and elimination of threats to national security anywhere in the world, thus creating more efficiency when protecting the interests of the Un ited States. When compared to the Cold War era, it can be said that the status of the intelligence community has changed for the better since it has seen the development of better cooperation between the various intelligence agencies. There has developed the realization that the cooperation betwe

Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Paper - Assignment Example If they are actively involved in the planning process they will be more open to allocating resources and providing accurate time forecasts. Employees also need to feel like they will not be subject to punitive measures if time frames are not met (provided that this is not a perennial problem) or else they (or their managers) can unnecessarily extend the projected amount of time required to complete a task. A functional company that wants to shift from an adversarial culture to one that is supportive and interactive should take several factors into consideration. First, it should start by creating a corporate wide strategy that aims at uniting and inspiring employees (Pinto 58). Next, they should establish a reward/punishment framework that matches that strategy. Finally, they will have to develop clear policies founded on lines of leadership and communication. This will facilitate fast and efficient decision

American Landscape Artwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Landscape Artwork - Essay Example In particular, nature and landscape were utterly synonymous. Cole’s painting evidently depicts a picturesque image seen in the Connecticut River in the time of the romantic artist. The masterpiece clearly shows trees, shrubs, waters, and other images visible in the natural landscape. Further, the landscape painting is portrayed like a picture-postcard perfect, a characteristic of American romanticism. Church’s â€Å"The Heart of Andes† also belongs to the 19th-century American romanticism. Similar to Cole’s painting; Church’s art work depicts the panoramic view of the wilderness. â€Å"The Heart of Andes† shows the exotic of nature. In contrast to cityscape, Church’s painting evokes the untamed and virgin element found in the vast green forest. American romanticism is basically defined in terms of landscape, seascape, and other natural wonders -- what Kaufman and Macpherson (2005) call sublime and beautiful. The landscape paintings prominent in the 19th-century America are considered as part and parcel of the American romanticism. Cole’s â€Å"The Oxbow† and Church’s â€Å"The Heart of Andes† are beautiful and sublime landscape art works characterized in a romantic movement. Both paintings exhibit nature in its grandeur and exotic

Human Resource Management in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Human Resource Management in Practice - Essay Example The essay "Human Resource Management in Practice" analyzes what is the most important contribution that the human resource manager can make to the organizational effectiveness. Managers and policymakers now need to know how the human resources are managed in different regions of the world. Academics have responded positively to meet the challenges raised by the globalization of business by investigating a number of issues and problems related to international business. They have attempted to examine management from a cross-national viewpoint. This comparison of HRM policies and practices at a national level helps to test the convergence–divergence thesis. The typical questions pursued by comparative researchers are: how is HRM structured in individual countries. What strategies are discussed? What is put into practice? What are the similarities and differences? What is the influence of national factors such as culture, government policy, and education systems? Scholars have al so developed and proposed different models of HRM both between and within nations. Interestingly, most models of HRM have an Anglo–Saxon base. As such, from a global perspective, principles of HRM have been developed from a restricted sample of human experience. During the infancy stage of HRM literature, such an ethnocentric approach was understandable and unavoidable. With the growth of a â€Å"global business village,† firms operating in different countries need appropriate information and guidance to develop their HRM policies and practices.

Reflection on seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection on seminar - Essay Example , relaxed posture, as well as the management ability that is associated with power sharing, delegation of essential work, and involvement of employees (PREMA KUMAR, 2010). On the other hand, the aspect of immediacy was employed to a greater extent. It has to do with the sense of attention and interest. It leads to moderation of other people either as being persuasive or competent. For instance; the use of the other individual’s name tends to provide a sense of existing togetherness. This kind of feedback that is directed towards other people enhances the feeling of closeness, hence boosting morale and cooperation to a greater extent. This is mainly applied by managers who are fond of walking around the working place and interacting with employees while listening to their feedbacks and proposals. Interaction management on the other hand was witnessed in a number of ways. It is a situation whereby each and every individual have a feeling of interchange contributions. Based on this perspective, group leaders provided adequate non-verbal and verbal feedbacks (PUCHTA & SCHRATZ, 1993). It comprised of the sense of trust, interrogations, involvement, among others. Here, it was learnt that effective managers often take the responsibility and initiative for any occurrence rather than reacting to various circumstances in the course of their occurrences. In line with this, we also valued the element of expressiveness as an interactive management model. It provided non –verbal and verbal actions that show some sense of interest, engagement, and openness. Active listening is a good example of this concept. The other perspectives involved the ability of adapting to other people’s view-points. There is a display of empathy, attentiveness and interests. Based on all these, we had a better stand-off in our group towards ascertaining on the humanistic model. It generally set out basis on the aspects of Openness, empathy, supportiveness, positivity, as well as equality.

Human Resource Management in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Human Resource Management in Practice - Essay Example The essay "Human Resource Management in Practice" analyzes what is the most important contribution that the human resource manager can make to the organizational effectiveness. Managers and policymakers now need to know how the human resources are managed in different regions of the world. Academics have responded positively to meet the challenges raised by the globalization of business by investigating a number of issues and problems related to international business. They have attempted to examine management from a cross-national viewpoint. This comparison of HRM policies and practices at a national level helps to test the convergence–divergence thesis. The typical questions pursued by comparative researchers are: how is HRM structured in individual countries. What strategies are discussed? What is put into practice? What are the similarities and differences? What is the influence of national factors such as culture, government policy, and education systems? Scholars have al so developed and proposed different models of HRM both between and within nations. Interestingly, most models of HRM have an Anglo–Saxon base. As such, from a global perspective, principles of HRM have been developed from a restricted sample of human experience. During the infancy stage of HRM literature, such an ethnocentric approach was understandable and unavoidable. With the growth of a â€Å"global business village,† firms operating in different countries need appropriate information and guidance to develop their HRM policies and practices.

Case-note on R (onthe application of Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice Essay

Case-note on R (onthe application of Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice [2014] UKSC 38 - Essay Example such a case, autonomy refers to the capability and right to make a personal choice, and as such, in most circumstances people always act in denial of the legitimacy of choices especially in situations whereby there is a militate against autonomy1. A specific example applicable in such a case is the voluntary entry by an individual into drug addiction, or into slavery. Consequently, when one chooses suicide, he or she chooses not to be in a position to make any more choices. However, it is imperative to note that the choice of suicide is defendable before the courts of law. Nevertheless, the main argument that the choice of suicide in some cases promotes autonomy does not fit to enlist in the favour of the same because suicide still stands out as a course of death. Through this judgement, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom substantially advanced the cause of individuals in the country who are keen on putting an end to their lives in a humane manner. In addition, it also created a precedent for other cases as a leading judgement within incompatibility declarations in the appreciation margin of the United Kingdom. Tony Nicklinson, the key player in this case, wanted to put an end to his life after getting tired of his illness which had paralysed him almost completely after he suffered a catastrophic stroke. However, the bone of contention in this case was that Nicklinson health condition could not permit him to end his life on his own. As such, his physical incapacity demanded that he seeks the help of another person in putting an end to his life, since he could not perform it without receiving help from other people except through self-starvation. Therefore, Nicklinson wished to receive assistance from others in order to commit his proposed suicide. Nevertheless, section 2 of the 1961 Suicide Act stood in the way of other people coming to his help to aid him commit suicide lawfully2. The suicide act says that an individual, â€Å"D† commits a legal offense

Samoa Islands Essay Example for Free

Samoa Islands Essay Samoa is a group of islands located in the south pacific, approximately halfway between New Zealand and Hawaii. It consists of two main islands, Upolu and Savaii. Samoa is well-known for its natural beauty and landscape. Samoa is very much a tourist destination. Tourists are attracted to the strong commitment to sport, Samoan cuisine, Samoan lifestyle, natural attractions, and traditional aspects such as tattooing and ceremonial occasions. Although, on the contrary, Samoa has big disadvantages for being located in the pacific region as natural disasters are a reoccurrence in its history. The most recent being the 2009 Tsunami, killing approximately 200 people. The Samoan reputation has also recently become corrupted because of unsettling between Samoans and Tongans. Although this is news to Australians, this conflict between Samoa and Tonga has a long history behind it. Religion Samoa is mostly a Christian country. The law is very much based on Christian ethics and churches are located in every village. The most common denominations are EFKS, Mormonism, Catholicism and Assembly of God. Only recently are modern churches such as Pentecostal Christian churches and even Muslim. Religion is very much apart of Samoan culture, and practiced within the family unit. Sport Samoans enjoy lots of sports, for example popular sports include volley ball, touch footy, cricket and rugby union. Samoans have had teams compete in the Commonwealth Games; they have won gold medals for weightlifting and bronze medal in athletics. Samoans also have a successful national rugby team, Manu Samoa, who won the Rugby Sevens last year. Tattoos The traditional Samoan tattooing is called the pe’a, the body tattoo. Originally, the pe’a was only tattooed on those Samoans with a ‘matai’ title, which is a chief role where they are named representatives of their families or villages. So the ‘matai’ title was traditionally extremely respected within the Samoan culture.

Sources Of Influence On The Consumer Marketing Essay

Sources Of Influence On The Consumer Marketing Essay If you request a garment buyer during shopping at supermarket about their respective reason behind of their purchasing, most likely shopper will have problems to elucidate all his purchasing decisions. Researchers described this shopping decision based on the customer subconsciously decision which is made by almost 85% of the shoppers (Solomon et al, 2009). As a consequence of this consumer behaviour has been defined as the method which individual or groups of customer go throughout to choose, acquire, use and borrow the goods, selective services, purchasing ideas or increase the customer experiences to persuade their respective their needs (Solomon, 2009). Additionally, consumer decision for the low involvement goods, customer consumption choices are somewhat made by a customer uncomplicated purchase decision making process; however the shot involvement can also be made which is influenced by environment, marketing, promotion (Alvarez, B R. V. 2005). Kwok Keung Tam (2007) explained clothing is now become a fashion items rather than just a necessity good which used for keeping bodies warm and hiding the internal things. Todays garments become social status and most of the people go for the different garment purchase to showcase their respective personal image (OCass, 2000). This research paper makes an attempt to study how Garment becomes the personal image reflectors and the motive behind customer decision making behind the different garment brands. This paper will examines the different factors which influence the Irish customer behaviour with respect of Brand, Family influence, Bargain power, Store ambience etc . for the garment brand. In this research, we examine the consumer behaviour towards the clothing brand in Ireland as Tam (2007) highlighted in his research that Shopping for garments is one of the well-liked pastimes by Irish people from the different age and class group. This research intended to understand customer behaviour in fashion clothing als o this depends on the four major factors which push the female and male customer to purchase different set of garment for their respective uses, major factor which will analyse in this study i.e. Personal Identify , Physical factors , fashion lifestyle and the store ambience (Holmberg ÃÆ'-hnfeldt, 2010). Different shopping places in Ireland which has different formats of garment stores such as North face etc were selected for the filed study. Outcome of this result will be showcase how the different branding and marketing factor impact the customer behaviour during their purchase of clothing brand. Some of these factors would be Brand, Price, Quality, social status, promotion strategy and it will be directly correlated with the customer behaviour. Subsequently this study will help international clothing brand to understand the Irish customer much better manner which will be ultimate aim for this study to achieve. The research is taking place due we experienced that garment demand has been declined significantly in the Ireland which may be cause of the Economic condition and the change in customer behaviour. This research will analyse those top attributes which influence the customer decision making process for the garment brand. The main aim of this research is to evaluate the various factors which influence the customer buying behaviour. This would also help in understanding the elements needs for designing an effective marketing strategy for influencing customers buying decision. Such as the right pricing decision, branding decision , trend which further helps in influencing consumer behaviour and creating brand preference but the major question is what makes it a successful garment brand. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter will contain all the research work that has already been conducted. This will help to understand how to carry on with the research work and also what studies can be further conducted. 2.1 Garment Industry Since 1995, the Ireland garment industry has been grown by 59% over today it is around 5 billion EURO because of the increasing import contribution and the growing fashion status of society (Dunford, Mick 2009). Irish fashion has influenced by the European and international fashion therefore it has become progressively more complicated to define an Irish garment look, apart from the MNC clothing organisation such as North Face and the Colombia wear, also as per the IFD GFK (2013) the Irish market segment is as follows Site: http://www.retailexcellence.ie/images/uploads/downloads/REI_Retail_Industry_Productivity_Review_Q3_Template_FINAL.pdf However ambiguity is perhaps the major roadblock facing by the Ireland apparel industry in after the economic recession. The monetary situation in Europe is influenced by the rising manufacture costs and flat garment prices, and less product innovation are the causes of the decline in this industry. 2.1 Consumer behaviour Donal Rogan (2007) explains the relationship between consumer behaviour and marketing strategy. He states that strategy is about increasing the probability and frequency of buyer behaviour. Requirements for succeeding in doing this are to know the customer and understand the consumers needs and wants. Chisnall (1995) points out that human needs and motives are inextricably linked and that the relationship between them is so very close that it becomes difficult to identify the precise difference which may characterize them. People may buy new coats because it protects them against the weather, but their real underlying dominant need may be to follow the latest fashion trend. Buyers characteristics are important theories from Kotler and Armstrong (2007) and it explains the way that the consumer interprets and receives stimuli from advertisements. The decisions of consumers are influenced by a number of individual characteristics that are linked to the consumers specific needs (Kotler Armstrong, 2007). 2.2 Consumer characteristics Consumer characteristics are explained by: Cultural characteristics, Social characteristics, Personal characteristics, and Psychological Characteristics. The marketer, in order to identify the consumer and to be able to decide on the strategy to what kind of consumer to target, identifies these characteristics. Hence, these characteristics are used in order to segment the market and target specific consumer groups. 2.3 Cultural Characteristics The Cultural Characteristics are recognized as the main influencer of consumer behavior. Three features underpinning consumer behavior develop these characteristics: Culture, Subculture, and Social Class. The psychological processes are heavily involved in consumers behavior. They affect through recognizing needs, finding ways to understanding these needs, making purchase decisions of buying a product or not, if so, which brand and where, construe information, make strategies and implementing them by engaging in comparison shopping or in fact purchasing a product (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Sources of Influence on the Consumer: The cultural influences are often been taken for granted as they are always important. An American will generally not bargain with a store owner but on the other hand this is a common carry out in much of the world (Graves, 2010). Our behavior also gets persuaded by physical factors. We are much expected to buy a soft drink when we are thirsty, for example, and food manufacturers have found that it is more useful to advertise their product when people are getting hungry i.e at the late afternoon. A persons  self-image  will also be likely to influence what he or she will buy as to project an image of success an upwardly manager may buy a ostentatious car (Albanese, 2003). Social factors often lie behind the consumers buying preferences, and buyers look up to strong psychological signs to relate their choice with. It makes a huge impact if their choice is backed by a strong famous personality. The difference in cultures plays an important role. The habitants of western countries s uch as American prefer to have ham, egg, toast, coffee etc. in their breakfast unlike some Asian countries where they have homemade bread with tea or rice with curry as breakfast. The differences in subculture follow with difference in choices of music, movies etc (Albanese, 2003). The marketing experts work as the preferences of the target area consumers. Consumer Preference The Choice and Decision Making: There are numerous factors involved in consumer decision making Problem identification The realization of the need of something makes us think of looking at the options. If the old cloths has been troubling lately, automatically the thought of replacement comes into mind Information Search we may look for the alternatives to solve the problem. It may be resolved through buying of a new vehicle e.g. car, motorbike or may be a used car. We might also think of public transport as alternative. A skateboard may be rode to the work every day. Evaluation of alternatives Public transport cannot be relied upon in case of strike etc. Skateboard will be of no use on a rainy day. Purchase The purchase ends a consumer cycle with finally making up the mind and completing the transaction. It may be subdivided into two more stages of post-purchase and testing before the final decision is made depending on satisfaction and trial check. (Mazzocchi, 1999). Understanding the vital motivational factors is very important to understand the logic of the buying behavior. The customer gives a certain level of importance to everything he needs in life. A car or home is the type of substantial objects in the category of most expensive and most desired and planned purchases. But similarly an acme medication can have, logically, a very substantial level of importance attached to it as well. Such important purchases play a very significant part in establishing a persons self esteem (Mazzocchi, 1999). The advertisements are designed to satisfy this self esteem of a buyer and give it a boom. The adverts need to show the positive and psychologically desired end result which a product is expected to fulfill. Searching options and Making Decisions: The subconscious plays a very important part in searching the stored information i.e. in the mind of the buyer. He may consult a directory or decide from any of the experienced products from his memory. E.g. while making decision about dining out, the customer might not search the yellow pages but just decide on one from his memory, either recommended by a friend or a previous experience (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Similar case will happen in case he wants to buy a car. He will consult every one, he thinks, has a valued opinion about the options. The reviews will be analyzed, dealerships will be visited, familys choice will be considered and then finally the purchase will happen. Firms may invest keeping in mind the consumers selection process. The objects which are highly likely to be selected through external search will be promoted through related means such as brochures, news coverage, websites etc. (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009). Some of the decisions are made with the help of compensatory and non-compensatorystrategy of buying. This involves trading off of some attributes of the product with the others. (Cohen, 1981). E.g. A car may boast of having a very low mileage and attractive price but slow acceleration. The decision will be made on the basis of use of the car. In a metropolitan city, slow acceleration might be ignored as the speed limits do not slow to accelerate above a specific limit. Similarly a cloth item may be rejected on the basis of its composition of materials no matter how best it fits and falls completely within budget. Some no-compromise situations might change consumer buying behavior abruptly (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009). Reasons behind Consumer Decision Making Process: In order to search a information and make a decision for the consumers to buy a product it depend on no of factors such as the (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006) Market: It involves the competition within an industry. It deals with the competing products from different brand labels, their characteristics such as packaging, price etc. Product uniqueness: How much the consumer is interested in analyzing the attributes of any particular product before making the purchase? Some other interesting factors affecting the buying decisions are hunt for variety and impulse buyers. The variety seekers are customers who are always ready to try a new version of the old product. These form an interesting group and smart marketing tactics can pursue them to buy slightly modified version of the old product even if it is not needed (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). The impulse buyers are very unpredictable group. They might leave home to buy vegetable but only decide to buy which one when they reach the store. A sub category of these will buy any product available, for future use, which they think will not become available for a long time (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009). Some purchases are made only when customers reach inside the store and remember buying any product they had forgotten to put on the list (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009). Consumers choice: Consumes sometimes feel motivated. While buying a gift for a friend or relative might motivate them to have one of the products for themselves. A significant percentage of consumers believe in price comparisons and visit various shops finding for the best priced products. The other type is the convenience lovers who do not mind paying a little extra for getting it closer to their house or where they want it from. The impact of personality shall also be considered as some of the customers prefer variety over repetition and some prefer excitement and simulation in visiting new stores (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Another influential factor is perception. Discussions, reviews and experiences of people around the buyer tend to develop a certain perception about some products. When he goes to buy for himself, the perception factor certainly counts. The products perceived as good will automatically be considered first before the ones thought as not up to the mark (Susan Baker, 2003). The learning and experience plays a vital role in changing perceptions. The values hel by people also count. E.g. some people only buy recyclable products, some prefer vegetarian stuff. Some ask for products from specific countries only etc. (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Familys life cycle: Every individual and family goes through a life-cycle.   Ã‚  http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/images/cb/Simple_FLC.png [Source: http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/] Just to discuss, a couple may be living together as husband and wife or just lovers. (Jobber , 2006 ). In the real life, the situation might evolve into further developments such as divorces etc. resulting in singlehood. In this case more scenarios come forwards. http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/images/cb/FLC_Changes.png [Source: http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/] Single parenthood may be a result of a divorce or a death of one parent. These situations further evolve into big contributors of financial situation of a family. The custodian or guardian might come under extra financial pressure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/images/cb/FLC_Changes2.png Family decision making: Above discussed factors are just a few of numerous scenarios which the families might face during the course of life. Apart from other affected elements of ones life, from marketing point of view, the decision making of a family is the one which affected as well. While making the buying decisions of the family, the entire family members point of view is taken in consideration. These individuals hold the power of decision which forms the buying behavior of the family. (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Whether to buy; Which product to buy (pick-up or passenger car?); Which brand to buy; Where to buy it; and When to buy. Note, however, that the job of the decision maker is separate from that of the  purchaser. The marketers may find it difficult to impress both at the same time. The promotional tactics for targeting the purchaser at the point-of-purchase (POP) are easier to achieve results then influencing the decision maker (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Family set-up: One important factor in decision making difficulties attached with different kind of family setup. The family unit having enough cash flow might not find it difficult to meet the diverse requirements and choices of different family members but familys with financial pressures and budgeted shopping routines find it very difficult, especially families with children (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009). There is no realistic way to resolve issues related to differences. One family member might consider it worthwhile spending on a family vacation and the other might find it productive to buy computers for children (Mazzocchi, 1999). In this kind of situation, no one is wrong; it is jut conflict of opinion. These kinds of situations become even more complicated by the involvement of either children or relatives. Bargaining and convincing: Family members tend to opt for different tactics when trying to get their way at the time of purchase. Some of them go for the bargaining option. They try to bargain getting something on condition of someone else getting something for him. E.g. a wife may say that she will buy a new pick-up truck if her husband is ready to complete a gourmet cooking course. Similarly a child will make an unrealistic promise of walking it daily if he is provided with a pet hippopotamus. The elements of human psychology are important to know here. All these tactics might be used for no ill will with others. Family members try to persuade others by talking convincingly and reasoning and wear down the oppositions point. There are many faces of manipulative strategies used (Albanese, 2003). Impression management is one of them. A husband might try to argue that bringing in a new TV home will help educate and help children learn but the real motive behind the contention might be watching sports programs. T he second way of getting things done may be use of authority. One member of the family might be the assertive one and his use of authority may be the final decision making point. Another way of convincing someone is use of emotion, involving crying, being angry etc. (Graves, 2010). The Means-End Chain:   The buyers often buy product not because their actual attributes but because what benefits these attributes provide and it eventually leads to the satisfaction or the decisive values. The purchase of plastic roses might be the result of factors as illustrated below: http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/images/intro/Means-End_Chain.png [Source: http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/] The most important factor which works in a means end chain is the strongest factor working in favor of the product is its most strong attribute. The decision then gradually goes forward toward the related series of attributes and the consequences attached with it. In the end, the required values are being satisfied and decision is made (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Similarly each means end chain has all these steps accumulated in it. The advertisers focus on the end result i.e. the use of flowers to pursue the customer to make the purchase. For example the act of giving the significant half a present of flowers, as portrayed in the advert, will convince the buyer more than just showing the flowers alone. 2.14 Approach and attitude:   Consumers attitudes have a very important role to play in the game of marketing. They are a combination of different factors playing their part such as beliefs, feelings and the behavioral intentions of a person towards the item. In the marketing context the item may be a product, brand, a store etc. These components are all interlinked, although independent, but their combined influence is the final impression a consumer responds to and makes the decision about making the purchase (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Belief in values:   One of the very important components for the means end chain is belief in the values. A buyer may hold some positive beliefs about any product, say tea tastes good, and similarly some negative beliefs as well such as tea stains when spills. Some beliefs have a neutral opinion about them such as teas color etc. Some of the beliefs depend on the circumstances such as tea is considered as good in cold weather and cold and flu (Susan Baker, 2003). Some beliefs that consumers hold might not be true in fact. E.g. people think that pork contain less fat than other form of meat which is not true. Influences and feelings:   Consumers tend hold certain established feelings towards products and brands. These feelings tend to change with the passage of time on the basis of their experiences. E.g. a person can feel revolted by thinking about a very greasy and extra fat hamburger he might have had somewhere. Some feelings, however, are independent of the influences. For example an environmentalist might be against cutting off of trees for saving the world campaign but at the same time he might not object to cutting off of Christmas trees as she might unconsciously attach the feeling with the childhood Christmases he had spent decorating the trees (Susan Baker, 2003). CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Any research involves a number of options which needs to be visualized for achievement of the scope and focus of study. It is also needed for achieving the desired and relevant results. There are various options available to a researcher for selection of the research approach. The author has selected the following research model for availing the options and chooses the most reasonable option for the research approach. The model is known as Research Onion which is shown below in Figure 1.1. Sampling Secondary Data Observation Questionnaires Longitudinal Cross sectional Literature review Grounded theory Survey Inductive Deductive Realism Research philosophy Research Approaches Research strategies Time horizons Data collection methods Positivism Interpretivism Figure 1.1 The Research Process Onion Source: Saunders, et. al., (2003) The research would look into providing a brief on the layers of the research process so as to provide a better understanding for choosing the rational in a particular research. As per Saunders, et. al., (2003), research is a mix of positivism, interpretive and realism research philosophy. According to Remenyi et. al. (1998), if one prefers working with an observable social reality and that the end product of such research can be law-like generalisations similar to those produced by the physical or natural scientists, than positivism research philosophy should be the right one to follow. According to Chisnall, 2003 the above philosophy may not be entirely applicable to all business circle due to the complexity involved and due to the reason that everything cannot be placed under one umbrella. So this advocated towards interpretive research philosophy, who believes that rich insights into the complex world of business and management are lost if its complexity is reduced entirely to a s eries of law-like generalisations. (Saunders, et. al., 2003) According to Saunders, et. al., 2003, realism research philosophy should be also mentioned, due to the fact that it is based on the belief that a reality exists that is independent of human thoughts and believes (Saunders, et. al., 2003). For this research the discussion involves the customer perception so the researcher would select the realism research philosophy during the course of research (Chisnall, P., 2003; Saunders, et. al., 2003). So from the above reflections upon the philosophies of research, the researcher concluded on research to be mainly based on interpretivism research philosophy along with some further respect to be paid to the realism research philosophy. The framed questionnaire helps to identify customer different behaviour towards the purchasing decision of the Garment Brand in the Ireland. The major areas to explore consumer behaviour are following below. Brand: As the clothing not only now the necessities goods and become the fashion statement therefore brand is very important to measure the consumer behaviour for the garment shoppers. Family: As per the research most of the IRISH customer tends to take the advice from the family or close group people before they tend to purchase any cloth therefore it is important to mention these factors. Product uniqueness: Unique attributes which push the customer to choose the different clothing brand. Bargaining and convincing: Customer tries to bargain getting something on condition of someone else getting something Belief in values/ Influences and feelings: How brand try to influence the purchasing behavior of the customer (*through advertisement, promotion, store ambience etc) Research Question Prime objective of this paper to establish relationship amongst the customer behaviour and the attributes which influence the behaviour most for the IRISH customer such as the family, brand, uniqueness etc; therefore it is important to set the hypothesis to judge the outcome of the primary research. Brand influence the customer decision making most Family is the most important factor to influence the consumer purchasing decision Customer tends to bargain with the brand. Customer behaviour can be influenced by the advertisement, store ambience, etc. Null HYPOTHESIS Brand influence will not influence the customer decision for the garment purchase. Family is not the only important factor which influence the customer behaviour. Research approach Survey design has been widely used and adopted by many academicians in the research field of Garment (Gardberg and Fombrun, 2002; Sabate and Puente, 2003; Lee, 2004 cited in Yeo and Youssef, 2010). Through the literature review, a theoretical framework from the works of Berry and Kimpakorn and Tocquer were analyzed. Administering written questionnaires have been widely used mainly due to fact that anonymity is permitted, thus resulting in more honest responses. Additionally, well designed questionnaires are also able to reduce biasness due to the creativity that may arise from phrasing these questions. Surveys are also common as they are adaptable, easily implemented and provide the researcher with an opportunity to gain insight because of the large amount of feedback collected. Notwithstanding, limitations to this form of research arise from low rate of response primarily due to the fact that questions could be misunderstood. Procedures for data collection and analysis Data Collection: As the research study consist both the qualitative and quantitative research hence both the primary as well secondary data will be collected in this study in order to make the research comprehensive and exploratory. The data collection methodology for each type of data is given below: Primary Data: The primary for this study will be collected in the second phase of the study where the Questionnaires will be conducted with the consumers of garment industry in Ireland, of all age group and income group to gain the in-depth view and study about the consumer behaviour towards the garment purchase. The primary data will be collected through research survey instrument. The survey instrument as the questionnaire will be structured as it will consist of both closed as well as open ended questions. The survey will target at least 100 respondents across the city. The data collection would require field work where the research would get the questionnaire filled from customers visiting the two garment store selected for this research which are North face and the Columbia sports in the areas in Dublin, Ireland Secondary Data: The secondary for this study will be collected for the accomplishment of the first phase of the study where the detailed analysis of several factors influences the consumer buying decisions in fast food Industry. The secondary data for this study will be procured from the various news articles, marketing journals, reports, web, and the various literatures available in the context of the research topic. Sample Size: Minimum 50 people from each outlet would be targeted so the sample population for this research would be 100 respondents. As per Bryman.A and Bell.E (2007) research sample is defined as choice of small group from a large population for running the primary research. The small group selected from the large population is known as sample. As per Bryman.A and Bell.E (2007), no research can cover the total population as it would be time consuming and some part of population may not be relevant for research. The sample selected for this research is 100 respondents and the age group of these people would be 12-55 years. Evaluation of approach and analysis Data analysis would be analyzed through the statistical system i.e. SPSS. Using correlation analysis, customers in this Irish garment in industry would be analyzed to determine whether a customer behaviour and factor such as brand, family from the different garment brand correlated to each other. Ethics In this research all the first hand information only used for academic purpose. And I will focus on the authentic research where proper refreshing can been done. Limitation First limitation of study is to cover only Dublin as city for the study also it has only cover the sample size of 100 people out of the entire universe. Assumption Biggest assumption for this study is to have self believe on the response that we collect from the customer which always hold true without any further validation. CONCLUSION So to conclude this research would be based on quantitative method. A mix of primary and secondary data will be used for collecting data. Questionnaire method would be the tool of collecting data along with secondary data like journals, past research, books and internet. Chapter 4: Research Plan TIME FRAME Months Mar Apr May Weeks 2nd Week 4th Week 1st week 3rd week 4th week 1st week 2nd week 3rd week Problems defining Review of Literature Research Designing Method Defining Data Sources Collection of Data Data Analysis Framing the Conclusion of the research Writing Draft Editing Final Printing and Binding BIBLIOGRAPHY Alvarez, B. A Casielles, R. V. (2005). Consumer e valuations of

Heroes :: essays research papers

Heroes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hero. When we think of a hero, what automatically comes to mind? To some it may be someone legendary. Others might think of a hero as someone of great strength or ability. Perchance an illustrious soldier or warrior. Perhaps someone admired for their achievements and great qualities. To me, it once meant someone that showed great courage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two characters that remind me of heroes are Bernie, from the movie Hero, and Arthur, from the story â€Å"Arthur Becomes King†. These two characters have many similarities. One similarity is that in both stories, the hero is the last one who would be thought of as a hero. The reason being that Arthur is a meager squire. In Bernie’s case, well, as his ex-wife said, â€Å"It was against his religion to be nice†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another similarity is that both were not liked by all. Arthur was not liked by Sir Kay. Bernie was not liked because of his cynical way of being. Also, both were not believed when they first told their stories. It took Arthur three or four times to prove that he indeed was the one who pulled out the sword from the stone. Bernie did not even get the chance to tell some one what he had done.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is also the similarity in that both, Arthur and Bernie, did not realize that they were special or in some way heroes. Arthur thought he was merely getting a sword for Kay. Bernie was so preoccupied with his illegal selling of stolen credit cards and finding a way to buy time for him not to go to jail. Also, both of their actions cause good to happen to the people around them. With these examples we can see that Arthur and Bernie were a lot a like.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Bernie and Arthur had many similarities, they also had many differences. A considerably significant difference is that Bernie’s and Arthur’s personalities were as diverse as heavy metal and classical music. Arthur was humble and forgiving. Bernie, on the other hand, was a cynical man who had nobody's interest but himself in mind. There is also the difference in the plot. In†Arthur Becomes King†, Arthur is a young boy who makes everything peaceful in his kingdom. Bernie causes John Bubber to want to commit suicide, although he does save fifty-four lives, including a little boy who receives mass media attention.

Reflection Summary Essay

Collaborate with your Learning Team to discuss the previous week’s objectives. Discuss what you learned, what could be applicable to your workplace or personal life, and how your knowledge has increased as a result of what you experienced through the learning activities in the previous week. Submit your team summary of the discussion in a 1-2 page Microsoft  ® Word document. General Questions – General General Questions Management Theory and Practice All Weeks, Assignments, Discussion Questions + Final Exam Refrain from plagiarizing as the consequences can be extreme. During your college life, you will likely write a lot of papers. Be certain you do not plagiarize the work of others. Your professors are pros at recognizing plagiarized work, so be sure to write your papers on your own. This file MGT 230 Week 3 Reflection Summary contains review of works during the last 3 weeks Collaborate with your Learning Team to discuss the previous week’s objectives. Discuss what you learned, what could be applicable to your workplace or personal life, and how your knowledge has increased as a result of what you experienced through the learning activities in the previous week. Submit your team summary of the discussion in a 1-2 page Microsoft  ® Word  document. General Questions – General General Questions Management Theory and Practice All Weeks, Assignments, Discussion Questions + Final Exam Refrain from plagiarizing as the consequences can be extreme. During your college life, you will likely write a lot of papers. Be certain you do not plagiarize the work of others. Your professors are pros at recognizing plagiarized work, so be sure to write your papers on your o†¦ To download this material Click this link – https://bitly.com/1oJNhBq Refrain from plagiarizing as the consequences can be extreme. During your college life, you will likely write a lot of papers. Be certain you do not plagiarize the work of others. Your professors are pros at recognizing plagiarized work, so be sure to write your papers on your own. General Questions – General General Questions Management Theory and Practice All Weeks, Assignments, Discussion Questions + Final Exam

Facebook considers opening site to children

Facebooks manager of privacy & safety had announced that the social network has â€Å"thought a lot† about opening up the site to children under the age of thirteen to get the opportunity to access on to Facebook. Similarly, Facebook had changed its policies that allow children under thirteen to put public post online that can be viewed by everyone in the world. Therefore, this may effect children's life. Opening the site to children under the age of thirteen is a bad idea due to many issues.First, it might cause cyber bullying on the social medias; second, it might effect the children and their families' communication; and third, it might cause kidnapping, rape or murder cases. Cyber bullying is an anti-social behavior and this is related to technologies and the internet. First, cyber bullying is referring any kind of aggressive behavior through social media. Cyber bullying could happen by text, Facebook posting, Tweet, Skype, or E-mail, but most constantly happen on Facebook .Cyber bullying usually resulting in trauma victim, can also cause low cademic achievement, interpersonal, alienation, there may even produce retaliatory attacks forced the victim or the victim turned to bullying others; it also has some impact in the offender, the offender adult crime, alcohol abuse is quite high, with the offender characteristics, 60% male perpetrators for crimes committed before the age of 24, non-male offender characteristics only 23%.So if Facebook do allows children under the age of 13, there might be a chance to increase the cyber bullying cases. Second, communication between the children and their family is very important, but f Facebook allows children to gain access to Facebook, it will affect the communication the children and their family. A family with good communication between each other might involve lots of technological activities; indeed, technology may become a tool or media for the communication between each other.For example, some people do not like to tell things face to face, but they open their heart through online chatting or messages (Facebook chatting); in this way, technology become a media to connect children and parents. Thus, it even improved the communication between children and parents. This will definitely effect the children and families' communications, by not communicating with each other. So if Facebook allows children access on to Facebook under the age of 13, it may effect the communication between the children and their families'.Third, allowing children of the age of 13 or under gain access to Facebook might cause kidnapping, raping and murdering cases. Now a day, a lot of teens have Facebook accounts, and they enjoy using it. Chatting online with strangers turned going out in real life and this will lead them to getting kidnaped, raped or murdered; the crimes creates a fake nternet profile on Facebook and start chatting to the innocent teen or children, after they got the teen's or child's trust, an d convincing them to go out together in real life.Thus, the crimes such as kidnaps, rapes or murders them during the time when they are outside. Because these cases already happened to a lot of teenagers, it will increase possibly of the teens and childrens getting involve will kidnap, rape or Facebook opening site to children under the age of 13 to get the opportunity to access on to Facebook is extreme dangerous, because it will effect children's life, etal health, education or the negative effects and causes above.Also, it takes up a lot of time on an online world and playing all the cyber games; instead in reality they may think it is not. Sometimes, people or things on the internet are fake and it is not trust worthy. Furthermore, the teenagers should be ware of the strangers on Facebook, must not share any personal information with them, or else they can find you and kidnap, rape or murder you. Due to many issues, Facebook should re-discuss and make an correct decision, becaus e this will cause or effect many things that no one will want to happen.

Promote Equality & Inclusion Essay

Explain what is meant by Diversity Diversity means differences between individuals according to their nationality, age, culture, ability, race, sexual preference and religion Equality Equality means fairness and justness of individual rights, giving choices and opportunities in respect of individual needs Inclusion Inclusion means involving everybody, empowering individuals, encouraging choice and providing opportunities according to need What are the potential effects of discrimination on individuals Discrimination could potentially damage a service users self-esteem and their ability to develop and maintain a sense of their own identity How would you challenge discrimination if you discovered it in your care setting If I discovered discriminatory behaviour, I would question the person discriminating against the service user and suggest ways in which the service user could be included in the activity. If this did not work, I know how to report my concerns and trust my manager to rev iew and develop policies and procedures accordingly. How does inclusive practice Promote equality If you are including the person in whatever you are doing, you are treating them as a person, a unique being and not letting their disability preclude them from joining in with every activity that they are able to do, within their capabilities. Support diversity Allow people to be individuals and value their differences. Activity 2 (2.1, 2.2,) For each of the terms below Equality Diversity Discrimination Name the legislation that relates to this subject All of the above are now covered by the Equality Act which came into force on the 1st of October 2010. This combines lots of separate pieces of legislation into one single Act and provides a legal framework to protect the rights of individuals and promote equality of opportunity for all. They are also covered by the Human Rights Act 1998, most provisions of which came into force on 2 October 2000. This guarantees the following rights The right to life. The right to freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The right to freedom from slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour. The right to liberty and security of person. The right to a fair and public trial within a reasonable time. The right to freedom from retrospective criminal law and no punishment without law. The right to respect for private and  family life, home and correspondence. The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. The right to freedom of expression. The right to freedom of assembly and association. The right to marry and found a family. The prohibition of discrimination in the enjoyment of convention rights. The right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions and protection of property. The right of access to an education. The right of free elections. The right not to be subjected to the death penalty. Identify the code of practice that covers this area The Code of Practice for Health and Social Care Workers covers this area, the principles of which are Commitment to equality, diversity and human rights values. Promoting equality, diversity and human rights in decision making. Advancement of equality, diversity and human rights. Monitoring equality, diversity and human rights performance. Commitment to equal access and open standards. Give an example from your organisational policy of how you apply the code in practice We do not have a specific Policy on Equality, Diversity or Discrimination, but the principles of these are embedded in all our Policies and Procedures. For example, our Policy on Maintaining Privacy and Dignity recognises that most interactions between employees and their service users demonstrate some form of dependence upon the employee, obligations exist therefore to ensure that a code of conduct is observed which ensures that all actions undertaken are the express wishes of the service user are conducted in such a way that the service user does not feel undervalued or inadequate protect privacy and dignity promote respect between the employee and the service user Service users Rights must be respected at all times. Service users have the right to Have their needs properly assessed and to have those needs met on a consistent basis, and to a defined level of quality Receive written information about the care they are receiving, together with its cost Exercise an appropriate degree of control over their lives Make informed choices and take decisions Make a complaint about any aspect of the service they are receiving Receive care, a ttention and services on an equal basis with all others Be protected from any abuse or conduct which is detrimental to their well-being and health Privacy Be treated in a manner which promotes dignity, well-being and understanding. Our Policy states that We will make every effort to ensure that the rights defined above are met on a consistent basis, that employees are adequately trained in, for example,  Protection of Vulnerable Adults (POVA), and will include representative Quality Statements in its Quality Assurance Programme. Our Handover Policy states that all records will be factual, accurate, jargon-free and non-judgemental in their reporting. How does it affect your work role We look at the client as an individual and do not treat her any differently to any other person. We will also protect her from discrimination by others according to the principles outlined in the Human Rights Act. Case Study Using the following situation, describe how you would put the service users interests at the centre of care. A service user has recently been admitted to the care home where you work. She originates from Bangladesh, but has lived locally with her son and his wife for several years. She does not speak or understand much English, as she has never felt the need or had the opportunity to learn the language. She is in the early stages of dementia, and is unable to understand what is happening to her. She lacks awareness of why she cannot live with her son any more. He feels he can no longer cope with her at his ho use and feels guilty because she is now in a residential home. His cultural background is one where there is an expectation on the oldest son to look after his family, which he is unable to fulfil. He comes on a regular basis to see his mother, but when he is not there she will not eat, drink or let anyone do anything for her. How can you ensure that She is not discriminated against She is treated equally All her needs are met I would treat her the same as everyone else, so that she does not feel discriminated against. In the above scenario, it would be important to learn some key words in her own language to help her to understand what is being requested of her so that she does not feel so isolated. We would need to ensure that her needs are met according to her cultural background, this may involve asking for help from her family to ascertain what support is required and how staff can make her feel more at home and also to find out if she has a particular faith and maybe invite the faith leader and members of the congregation to spend some time with her. We would need to make sure that she still has full access to her family. If there is a member of staff that she can relate to, ensure that she has some time with her. Ask the family to attend as often as practicable and maybe invite some of her friends in to spend some time with her. Ascertain whether she has any favourite foods that she will eat. Try to involve her  in the activities of the home and ensure she is included, whilst recognising that she is different ensure she has the same opportunities as everyone else.